Intercultural aspect of conflict resolution Essay

During the first day of the workshop, I did not completely understand the real meaning of culture. I did not even have a single definition for the term culture. Many questions came into my mind such as, â€Å"What is culture? What are the factors that create culture? What is the scope of culture? Does culture improve itself or not? Although, I started the inquiry on the concept of culture without certain answers for these questions, I had figured them out step by step during that day. I started to find answers for most of the questions that I faced. I finally understood what culture was and why different people with different cultures had different behaviors. By understanding the factors that influenced culture, I started to learn its importance to the parties who got involved in particular conflicts. Throughout that day, I comprehended why people with different cultures got involved in particular conflicts and what were their objectives. I started to give answers for these queries. They might need someone whom they can air their grievances or opinions with. Moreover, they might only wish that others would respect their culture as it was. In the role play, I learned that listening skill was very helpful in making the parties who were involved in the conflict feel better. Also, they should be given the chance to continue telling their stories without any interruption. I had also learned that I could be able to interact with them simply through body language such as moving my head up and down which tells, â€Å"I understand you. Keep going.† Furthermore, these skills would give me the chance to get as much information as possible and understand the parties’ cultures. Personally, I think that having much understanding of other cultures using the skills mentioned earlier would help me adapt with their behaviors and become more flexible when dealing with them.   Culture’s factors such as religion, climate and geography play very significant roles in parties’ behavior. These explain why different countries have different cultures. Finally, all ideas and skills that I had learned during the first day of the workshop let me pay a close attention on understanding other cultures, respecting their beliefs and values as I want other people do the same thing when they cross my culture. I would try to use these ideas and skills in my daily life – simply by listening to other people and respecting them.

Internet Gambling Essay

This document will inform you about the history of internet gambling, the existing issues, and a number of concerns involved with online gambling. Prior to the launching of the World Wide Web in 1993 which changed the setting of gambling, people had to travel great distances to gamble. The world’s first virtual online casino, Internet Casinos, Inc. (ICI) commenced operation on August 18, 1995 with 18 different casino games. Most of these online gambling companies are located outside of the U. S.to avoid government prosecution. ICI operates out of the Turks and Caicos Islands (Kish, 1999). One of the main reasons internet gambling started was because of costs. The value to start up an internet gambling site is around 1. 5 million dollars, which is half of what it costs to actually construct a casino. ICI estimates that the company averages about a twenty four percent profit margin, versus the typical United States casino, which ranges from eight percent to sixteen percent of each dollar wagered (Kish, 1999). An estimated twenty million people are currently online with a projected 160 million online by the year 2020. The overall market for online gambling is estimated to be approximately $49 billion worldwide (Kish, 1999). The history of internet gambling is only a decade old, however, its history will hold on for several more. There are several existing issues facing internet gambling. The first issues we will discuss are how to regulate internet gambling. The question raised by the emergence of Internet gambling is whether old laws–based mainly on a world of atoms–are still viable, and if not, in which way the Internet should be regulated (Walther, 2000). Some scholars believe that internet gambling needs to be regulated, and of course there are those that say let the owners of the sites regulate themselves. Regulatory procedures can be targeted at either or both of the providers and the consumers of gambling services. In the case of consumers, regulation is usually implemented by age, through prohibition of the participation of minors. Procedures might also be contrived to prohibit problem gamblers or undischarged bankrupts from engaging in gambling (Clarke, 2000). Another existing problem with internet gambling is The Wire Act which was intended to assist the states, territories and possessions of the United States, as well as the District of Columbia, in enforcing their respective laws on gambling and bookmaking and to suppress organized gambling activities. Subsection (a) of the Wire Act, a criminal provision, provides: â€Å"Whoever being engaged in the business of betting or wagering knowingly uses a wire communication facility for the transmission in interstate or foreign commerce of bets or wagers or information assisting in the placing of bets or wagers on any sporting event or contest, or for the transmission of a wire communication which entitles the recipient to receive money or credit as a result of bets or wagers, or for information assisting in the placing of bets or wagers, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than two years, or both† (Rodefer, 2003). During the House of Representatives debate on the bill, Congressman Emanuel Celler, Chairman of the House Judiciary Committee stated â€Å"[t]his bill only gets after the bookmaker, the gambler who makes it his business to take bets or to lay off bets. . . It does not go after the causal gambler who bets $2 on a race (Rodefer, 2003). What the government is having a problem with is that most internet gambling sites are run ran in foreign countries, and they cannot enforce this act against them. What they are trying to do is change the act to include these third parties. An example of this is the introduction of the Internet Gambling Prohibition Act of 1997 (Walther, 2000). The bill would have prohibited Internet gambling by extending the Wire Act’s prohibitions on traditional forms of gambling by phone or wire to the Internet (Walther, 2000). This amendment would provide penalties for online bets and wagers. This so far seems to be the best solution, however ethical and moral dilemmas still rest in the hands of our lawmakers today. The next issue facing internet gambling is taxes. This seems to be the government’s biggest issue. This is because of the billions of dollars we mentioned for profit by these online sites, government can gain significant amount of money from it. The legalization of Internet gambling may cause states to lose some revenue generated from legalized gambling operations because many gamblers would spend their money online (Lassani, 1998). Moreover, states lose revenue by not being able to tax gamblers who win over the Internet. Gamblers who win over the Internet have an incentive not to pay taxes on their winnings because the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) lacks the resources to track online gamblers (Lassani, 1998). The likelihood of addiction to Internet gambling among both children and adults is an extremely important concern. In relation to addiction, children are more likely to become addicted to something new than adults (Smith, 2004). For example, the video game-like nature of virtual casinos, labeled the â€Å"crack cocaine of gambling,† could make online gambling a temptation difficult to resist. Furthermore, the fact that the Internet gambler need not leave the comfort and privacy of his or her home could mean that an individual might become easily addicted. This is the worst thing about internet gambling, because there will not be anyone to detect if a person is addicted or not. Consequently the only aid they will get is their selves, and that leaves the player defenseless against the dependence of gambling. Having to go to the casino to gamble has better chances of knowing who is addicted and who is not, they have hired hands to detect this problem, unlike the home atmosphere. Kevin O’Neill, Deputy Director of New Jersey’s Council on Compulsive Gambling says â€Å"The real threat comes from the isolation and secrecy of the betting activity itself. † â€Å"I call this threat the cave syndrome due to the gambler’s isolated behavior and hidden activity† (Wharry, 2001). In closing the short lived World Wide Web as created pandemonium with our lawmakers. The dilemma of how everyone interprets the Wire Act is a major concern. The efforts to amend it to make all users liable for using the websites are tiresome, and stopping foreigners from creating internet gambling sites seems never-ending since the United States cannot control them. In just over a decade there are over twenty million users, expected to increase to 160 million in the next 14 years. Its revenue is over 49 billion dollars and increasing. There are more profit margins with online gambling than the traditional casino. The cost to create a gambling web is 1. 5 million dollars compared to the 300 million to build a casino, this creates profit and increases attendance because of its trouble-free access. One important concern with internet gambling is addiction. Children are easily addicted to new things than adults and it will make it harder to control and detect gambling addiction. Internet gambling is a good creation for those people who can control themselves, but for those who cannot have a greater chance to end up bankrupt. Thus we can see from this example alone, why lawmakers are having such problems to secure the problem, do they let it carry on or let people put themselves in jeopardy of losing everything. Michael Bolcerek the President of The Poker Group said, â€Å"It’s a personal liberty issue with regard to how you spend your money and what you see over the Internet†(Roth, 2006). References: Clarke, R. (2000, December). The feasibility of regulating gambling on the internet . Retrieved May 5, 2006, from Regulations of internet gambling Web site: http://www. anu. edu. au/people/Roger. Clarke/II/FeasIGR. html Kish, S. (1999). An analysis of the government’s role in addressing internet gambling. Betting on the Net, 51(no 2), 449-6. Lessani, A. M. (1998, May). How much do you want to bet that the internet gambling prohibition act of 1997 is not the most effective way to tackle the problems of online gambling. Retrieved May 4, 2006, from The Internet Gambling Prohibition Act: An Analysis Web site: http://www. gseis. ucla. edu/iclp/alessani. html Rodefer, J. (2003). Federal wire wager act. Retrieved May 5, 2006, from Gambling-Law- US. com Web site: http://www. gambling-law-us. com/Federal-Laws/wire-act. htm Roth, B. (2006, April 25). Foes try to squelch online gambling.Knight Ridder Tribune Business News, [1]. Smith, A. (2004). Controversial and emerging issues associates with eybergambling (e-casinos). Online Information Review. 28(6), 435-443. Walther, F. M. (2000). A comparative u. s. -swiss perspective. Retrieved May 5, 2006, from Internet Gambling Related Regulatory Questions and Enforcement Problems Web site: http://stlr. stanford. edu/STLR/Events/gambling/contents_f. html#note5 Wharry, S. (2001). E-Gambling threat worries addiction experts. You Bet Your Life, 165, 325.

The Art of Choosing Well by Pierre Wolff

Discernment is defined to be the act or process of exhibiting keen insight and good judgment. Interestingly, the bible is rife with accounts and teachings how important discernment is to the people of God. Apostles, for example, were witnesses how Holy Spirit gave them the gift of discernment in the New Testament. The action of the apostles of continuing what Jesus told them to do was discernment in itself; discernment in action, that is. â€Å"Discernment can be defined to be the calling on the Holy Spirit to lead or give direction on a matter,† says Spirithome.com.Moreover, Jesus Christ himself was a discernment personified. In Luke 11:9 he says to His people, â€Å"So I say t you: Ask and it will be given to you; seek and you will find; knock and the door will be opened to you. † The words alone are an encouragement that people always have the good judgment of everything, and that in their judgment blessings await. Author Pierre Wolff in his book The Art of Choosing Well talks about this very thing – discernment. Wolff presents the ways of choosing and deciding wisely rooted in the different works of St.Ignatius of Loyola. Seeking God, St. Ignatius believed, is not meant to wait for visions, but had to seek Him in an intelligent and humble way and then by His grace and time, everything will be given and answered. Moreover, Wolff never fails to be practical and at the same time simple. He stresses different basic principles applicable to contemporary people, such as taking adequate time to listen to both your heart and mind, and clarify your most innermost held values.Although his teachings rooted in the Catholic-based faith, this, however, can be applicable to people of different faith (or lack thereof). Discernment or decision-making, to begin with, is a universal trait necessary for us as we deal our life. There are so many things to put to consider when discerning about something. In 1 Corinthians 13: 1-3, discernment is characterized to be governed by love, for it is not, it’s worthless. 1 Corinthians 12-3 is bolder in its emphasis of Christ, discernment â€Å"centers us onto Jesus the Christ and Lord, and His good news.†But Ephesians 4:11-12 is more general and more empowering; discernment it says â€Å"builds up the church and its members, giving it power, wisdom, character, boldness, and unity. Other people sometimes mixed up their decisions with their own veiled interests. Wolff summarizes some of St. Ignatius works to know if we are truly discerning the right things thus: We must desire to do God’s will, open to God at the moment of discerning, know what God is like, and we must be a person who prays.Furthermore, there are three ways of making a choice: Revelation (or God is speaking to you), Reasoning (Weighing the pros and cons of our choices and putting yourself on someone’s shoes to be able to know better the right thing), Discernment (or the time where â€Å"much light an d understanding are derived through experience,† says Ignatius. ) True enough, discernment is more than just a skill and process. It is a gift from God, from the Holy Spirit†¦ and this can be acquired and developed through asking God and continuing it through training and experience.Growing in discernment is a challenge for everyone. And the price is a peace of mind. To grow in discernment requires everyone to work on it like prayer; to know deeply what’s inside our thoughts – if it’s God’s or if it’s not. One way of nurturing it is through Daily Consciousness Examen, which is recommended by the Church. This basically can be done through asking the Holy Spirit to guide you always, to look back on your day and recognize the blessings God has given you, asking God to teach you, and asking yourself if you’re acting what the Lord told you to do.

Industry Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Industry Analysis - Essay Example The fundamental ruleof the industry is based on sharing the risk than the transfer of the same (Hassan & Lewis,  2007). The banks in the industry act as the financial intermediary that is investment banking hence transacting mortgages. In mortgage transactions, the banks purchase the items from the sellers and re-sell them in the market at a profit instead of lending the money to the buyer to make purchases. It is a fallacy to purport that when an industry performs nicely in one period continues at the same pace in future. It is uncertain because the business world very competitive. Each industry tries to gain a competitive position by producing high-quality products and services and tailoring them to their customers (Agawam, 2010). This is done courtesy of customer loyalty. Additionally, industries strive to effectively and sufficiently utilize the resources available to generate revenue and consequently profits. For an industry to have a stay in the industry, it must be in a position to generate high profits to cater for the payment of shareholders through dividends and payment of other stakeholders like employees, the government, suppliers and creditors. The business environment is dynamic and the following are the factors that can cause the industry not to perform well in future. Firstly, it can be observed by financial analysts that the costs of providing the products and services vary from one fiscal year to another. Holding other items of the income statement constant, an increase in such costs will lead to a decline the profits of the industry. The industry can, therefore, be forced to borrow funds externally to finance its business, and this increases the financial risk to the industry. The industry has got a vast geographical area of operation and this call for theforeign exchange of currency for its transactions. Unfavorable movement in the exchange rates (increase in exchange rates) will adversely affect the operations

An Evaluation of Wireless Intrusion Prevention and Protecting Insecure Research Paper

An Evaluation of Wireless Intrusion Prevention and Protecting Insecure Channels - Research Paper Example Now the latest mobile and computing devices such as iPhones also provide considerable support for accessing Internet through wireless computing. Without a doubt, wireless computing offers a large number of benefits and opportunities for both business and individual users but at the same time they also facilitate hackers and attackers to complete their illegal tasks. This paper presents a detailed analysis of some of the important aspects associated with wireless networks. This paper discusses how wireless networks work, what benefits do they offer. This paper also discusses various types and protocols for wireless networks. This paper will also discuss a number of security threats associated with these networks. This paper also discusses various strategies to deal with these security threats. ... This paper also discusses various types and protocols for wireless networks. This paper will also discuss a number of security threats associated with these networks. This paper also discusses various strategies to deal with these security threats. Introduction Wireless networking has emerged as a very useful technology and the majority of organizations have started moving their network infrastructures to wireless networking environments. The basic reason of this transformation is the opportunities and advantages offered by wireless technology at the minimum cost and with maximum convenience. In fact, wireless networks allow organizations to build their communication infrastructures without using wires. In order to enable communications, these networks use radio waves instead of wires. As a result, these networks can be established in areas where wires cannot be used. Without a doubt, wireless technology offers a large number of advantages over traditional networking technologies tha t’s why their usage is continuously increasing with the passage of time, but they also bring serious security issues that affect the quality of communication. Additionally, wireless networks can face a variety of challenges and in some cases people using these networks lose their personal data which can be used to carry out illegal tasks (Neumerkel & Grob, 2006; Klasnja, et al., 2009). The basic purpose of this paper is to present a detailed analysis of wireless technology and issues associated with them. The structure of this paper is as follows: The discussion of the topic starts with a detailed introduction of wireless technology. After that a detailed discussion on wireless security issues has been provided. This

Partners in Hiring Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Partners in Hiring - Essay Example The recruiter must then evaluate how relevant the requirements really are. It must also be understood what the expectations from the new employee are and what skills he or she must possess. These must be well communicated to the manager so that he or she can create the perfect candidate profile. The hiring manager must then be explained how to carry out the interview, how to analyze resumes, and how to ask questions about ambiguous phrases such as â€Å"involved in† to get a deeper insight into the candidate. Also the hiring manager must be able to assess responses to questions effectively. Hiring managers must be told not to simply believe what the resume says. For instance, â€Å"good communication skills† need not necessarily mean that the candidate’s communication skills are good enough for the position. Companies should make it a point to test candidates on communication skills through written and oral tests, and must be made to give a short presentation to test their presentation skills as well. Also, personality should be judged following a requirement checklist and should not, merely, be based on personal preferences. Giving managers long forms and brochures to read up on is not the best idea. Chances are, all the reading materials would end up going on top of the shelf and never be opened again. The fact is, managers do not have time to read the forms, brochures, and other materials. Staffing decisions should never be made in a hurry. Staffing requires a lot of costs in terms of training, scheduling, paperwork, background checks, and many more. To make all these costs worthwhile, it must be ensured that due time and importance is given to the hiring process and more focus is given to long term hiring instead of just filling in the

Demonstrate how your knowledge of contemporary families informs real Essay

Demonstrate how your knowledge of contemporary families informs real life experiences or issue - Essay Example John spent a good portion of his time managing the family business. Lastly, the house girl and the garden boy with the core activities of ensuring the entire house and the home compound business are at all times up to date. They are therefore regarded as the in-house and compound managers respectively. All my family members leave in peace and big harmony with one another. A family should ensure that children within the family are satisfactorily brought to meet the best social requirements, into the norms and values of the society. This is highly necessary due to the fact that children are born with believes that whatever is happening is because of them. To remove the egocentric mind in the children, the family has an obligation of teaching children how to socialize with other people and respect the societal rules (Williams, Stacey & Carl, 2005). My family is doing this through offering protection from the complicated society at all times. It also recognizes the importance of we being socially up right and thus ensuring that we attend peer meetings and plays in order for us to learn that other people exist and deserve fair treatment as we do. This act has been of great deal in developing and improving our social standards and understanding towards others. Grownups within my family also voluntarily take a teaching role by teaching us the right social behaviors and the importance of having the right norms in the society (Russon, 2003). The family should also provide economic support for other family members. This takes many forms ranging from provision of food, medical requirements and financial assistance and offering economic advices to each other during the hard economic times. It is through such economic support that family alleviates the suffering of its members resulting in a general reduction in human suffering during hard economic situations (Williams, Stacey & Carl, 2005). My family does

Utilitarian conservation or presevation movement Essay

Utilitarian conservation or presevation movement - Essay Example nment of the United States through the US army corps as well as the US Forest Service have played a pivotal role in ensuring that the conservation was achieved. In their mandate, there was need to prevent unprecedented human influence on nature. Through the conservational efforts, the government and other conservatisms managed to protect the nature (McPhee 3-45). Since the movement was initiated, the utilitarian conservation that has been dominant in the modern day spheres. Both the US army of Engineers as well as the US forest service has stood firm on the support of utilitarian conservation. Since the conservation methods that were used in the utilitarian movements protected and preserved the nature, contemporary conservation movements have also drawn from these ideas. US forest service and the US army advocate for allowing the nature to take its course in various areas because of this movement. The movement has only permitted human interventions when there are very critical situations demanding the human involvement. Human interactions with the environments help in defining the needs for the nature. There are many people whose interaction with the environment has led to the degradation of the environments. The human behaviours have threatened the environment including the animal species in the natural habitats (Abbey 55-87). Studies have shown that the enlighten stage gave the utilitarian conservation movement the relevancy that it has today. With the ideas that were used in the utilitarian movement, the contemporary conservation techniques can now find a leeway. After a period, the enlightenment and knowledge on how to conduct preservation is achieved. The US army as well as the US forest service helps in ensuring that the goals of the utilitarian movements are achieved. Conservation of the environment is a mandatory subject that every stakeholder in the government should be concerned about. Conserving the environment helps the future generations and races in

Accountability of Public Finances Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Accountability of Public Finances - Essay Example 2006). In case of financial statement, fraud or any the crime involving financial statements in the government organizations then the PAC is expected to carry out an investigation and table its report to the Parliament on debate and provide recommendations for the government (Kang et al. 2008). Members of the committee are expected to obtain information or evidence from public officers and even managers of the public organizations. They are expected to examine the Director of Audits report concerning any organization. The president, however, is not a member of the committee, and the committee is independent of any control by the executive. In China the process of reporting involves preparation of the audit report, then preparation of the tax reconciliation report and finally preparation of foreign exchange reconciliation for foreign companies operating in China. There is also profit Repatriation of the financial statements depending on tax clearance completion. The financial reporting process in China is coded as it was borrowed heavily from Germany. Previously, most of the companies were owned by the government, but after the 80’s they reduced though the government still has some control over their reporting. The source of capital is debt thus the reporting is inclined towards the requirements of their equity providers that is the government and banks. The management is responsible for the financial statements of an entity in China be it government’ public or private organization. Accountability of the financial statements is at the hands of the Chief Financial Officers and the top management who acts a s the agents of the owners. It is expected that all financial reports must be audited before getting published so as to show a true and fair view of the financial position of the firm. The must comply with the reporting standards issued by Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants (Shah

The economic growth in the countries of Asia-Pacific region Essay

The economic growth in the countries of Asia-Pacific region - Essay Example The paper attempts to establish a quantitative relationship between the economic development and the factors affecting it in a cross-national context with particular reference to East Asian countries. Economic growth in the East Asian region over the last half-century has not been the same in all the countries. The growth in economic performance of a country and the differences underlying the economic conditions of various countries in the region is owing to the factors affecting growth. McKinnon and Shaw emphasize on the critical importance of the development of a country’s financial sector towards the enhancement of its economic growth. They are of the view that economic growth is closely linked with the financial market liberty in a country. Government interference and subjection over the financial sector through different means result in economic deterioration. The past (pre-crisis) and recent (post-crisis) economic boost as noticeable in Malaysia is not a matter of coincidence, rather it has been due to the fact that the factors responsible for economic growth prevail and flourish rapidly in the country as discussed throughout the essay. Malaysia has been one of those few countries in the region to be able to recover quickly from the East Asian crisis and thus has rapidly taken a tremendous development track. On the contrary, the countries having a slower economic growth rate such as Philippines reveal the lagging of factors that undermine a country’s economic growth.

How Internal and External Forces Affect Organizational Behavior Essay Example for Free

How Internal and External Forces Affect Organizational Behavior Essay Analyze how internal and External Forces Affect Organizational Behavior Examples of Internal and External Forces Include the Following: Competition: Some Chief Executive Officers when trying to build a high performance work culture will use a strategy that pits one employee against another employee to form a competition between the two. Methods such as these may entice employees to work harder, but sometimes these tactics will backfire and undermine employee cooperation. In-house internal competition does sound logical to many managers, employ the best people and evaluate them on regular intervals with sound measures. Then rank them from best to worst, unload the worst then praise the best, and shower them with money, and promotions while devoting enough attention to the rest of them so that they will not leave, and keep working hard. â€Å"The rhetoric of competition is appealing in our individualistic sports-oriented society, and we revere executives who talk about tough competition, survival of the fittest and the virtues of winning.† Past-news Organizational-Behavior-The-Enemy-Next-Door http://www.cioinsight.com The economy: Hiring practices have changed dramatically over the years. Quality individuals are being employed, and immediately they are trained for positions within the organization. Companies are investing in low or unskilled workers and training them at company expense. In the past this has been a warning sign to businesses. As the economy rises, organizations are coerced to hire worker who are less experienced. This means that there is a loss of productivity. However, salary increases have remained the same at an increase of1.8%, down from the 3% in 1998. â€Å"Productivity, which should have been much lower, has proceeded at 2% annually. Part of the explanation for this unprecedented trend seems to be the investment of companies into equipment. Technology has become so accessible that unskilled workers, bolstered by new technology, can be many times more productive† Retrieved from Business Week Online June 10th, 2011 â€Å"The Economy’s Rising Tide,† by David Leonhardt, and Laura Cohn http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/1139/organizationalbehavior

Marketing Metrics for Essex Property Trust Essay Example for Free

Marketing Metrics for Essex Property Trust Essay Via analyzing and discussing the interrelated financial ratios over these three years, the performance and developing trend of Essex Property Trust Inc. Will be measured and understood. Moreover, this study illustrates what the two rivals BRE Properties and Brandywine Realty Trust’s positioning were in property industry. 1. 3 Methodology The companies’ official website has comprehensive information like histories and backgrounds of company, internal and external environment that influencing business running, every detail of financial data and even critical issues. Therefore, it is the most critical resource. In addition, there are other useful methods such as academic reports, journal articles, books and electronic database that provide theoretical knowledge’s about each metric. 1. 4 Limitations However this report has some vital limitations because it is based on the financial statements which reflected historical facts are open to human accruals, error, interpretation and estimation like refunds accounts and depreciation accounts. In order to attract more investors, the economic performance can be inflated by intentionally manipulating figures on inancial reports (Dennis, 2010). Furthermore, besides the financial factors in financial reports, other several elements including economic, social, and environment can also influence an enterprise’s financial position. Thus, due to ignorance of other factors, the financial position disclosed by accountants may be inaccurate. Last but not the least, the financial statement only took quantitative factors into account but fails to disclose information like integrity of management, prestige and reputation of the business with public, customer’s satisfaction, employees’ loyalty and efficiency, etc. hat also impacts business decision making (Dennis, 2010). 2. Real estate investment trust (REIT) Industry and company’s historical background George M. Marcus as the real estate entrepreneur formed Essex Property Corporation in 1971 and after 23years the company became Essex Property Trust, Inc. when it gained the portfolio of 16 multifamily communities. Essex is a self-managed and self-administered integrated real estate investment trust (REIT) in West Coast of America. In 1960, REITs created by congress is a type of real estate firm that provides opportunities for all Americans to invest in income-producing real estate not just for affluent. The method of this investment is similar to the bonds and stocks investments through mutual funds by many Americans (REIT, 2012). Essex develops, manages and acquires multifamily residential properties in the specific provinces like the San Francisco, Southern California and the Seattle metropolitan area and Essex relates to land and its appreciation on it like offices, apartments and hotels. Essex’s Property Portfolio so far Multi-family: [pic] Office: [pic] Retail: other unclassified [pic] Specialty: unclassified [pic] According to the above table charts published by Essex in March of 2013, there are 166 communities comprising 29,506 apartment units and total approximately 315,900 square feet of four commercial buildings which are located in major regions of California and Washington under the property portfolio. Besides the existing markets, Essex intended to evaluate some new markets by identifying new areas and developing new unconsolidated joint venture projects. . Conceptual framework Marketing metric can be defined as a measuring framework which quantifies a dynamic, trend, or characteristic and also can be used by practitioners in marketing monitoring and business planning to explain diagnose causes, phenomena, project the results of future events and share findings in order to justify marketing programs, decide on financial allocations and evaluate their marketing performance (Farris et al. 2010). It’s more effective to use a portfolio of metrics because it can assist managers with maintenance of productive focus on markets and customers and identification of weaknesses and strengths in both execution and strategies (Bazley et al. 2004). [pic] There are seven specific metrics adapt to measure Essex company’s performance and analyze competitors’ positions. According to the above figure, they are return on equity (ROE), Earnings before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (EBITDA), year-on-year growth revenue, return on investment, profitability metrics, efficiency calculations and capital structure ratios. Gross profit margin, net profit margin and cash flow to sales ratio are three critical basic figures that will be used to measure entity’s profitability (Bazley et al. 2004). Then, in order to identify company’s business efficiency, Return on asset and asset turnover ratio will be calculated as well. Finally, there are three capital structure ratios including equity ratio, debt ratio and debt equity ratio(Mcdonald and Mouncey, 2009). The most vital reason to choose those metrics is that they can maximize the accuracy of measurement about an entity’s heath and estimation on the basis of other data. Moreover, they are also interrelated to each other (Birt et al. 2010). 4. Marketing metrics Briefly, The critical purposes of using following particular metrics are judging business performance, evaluating plans, quantifying market opportunities, identifying leverage points for improvement for Essex and recognizing its peers’ threats for the past three years and predict the trend in near future(Farris et al. 010). 4. 1 Earnings before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (EBITDA) As an alternative for a cash-based profit measure, EBITDA can be also defined as the profit before interest, taxation and depreciation and amortization expense. Because it excludes financing and tax charge besides asset diminution, its main aim is to measure entity’s raw operating earnings compare and analyze prof itability between companies (Birt et al. 2010). Figures in US$ and ‘000 |2010 |2011 |2012 | |Essex |277,861 |338,679 |456,888 | |BRE |228,219 |255,066 |306,542 | |Brandywine |370,880 |379,556 |383,484 | Based on the above chart, it apparently illustrates that both of them tried to raise their EBITDA and therefore decline their operating cost. Among them, Essex had the most dramatic increasing trend in EBITDA by changing amount of US$179,027,000 during three years. 4. 2 Profitability metrics Under this category, there are three basic metrics: gross profit margin, net profit margin and cash flow to sales ratio to calculate entity’s profit. Gross profit margin refers to the percentage of sales revenue that results in gross profit which measures profitability in selling, producing and buying goods before other expenses are taken into account (Birt et al. 2010). Higher value means better likelihood of success to divide more satisfactory return to owners and cover more other expenses (Atrill et al. 2008). Net profit margin reveals the proportion of sales revenue results in profit before interest and tax (Birt et al. 2010). This ratio is the most appropriate measure of profit from trading operations which is before took any costs of servicing long-term finance into account (Atrill et al. 2008). Cash flow to sales ratio reflects a proportion of cash flow from operating activities compared to its net sales revenue can be used to measure an entity ability to convert its sales into cash. Higher value means more efficient productivity and creditworthiness and indicates the firm has more ability to grow (Business Dictionary, 2012).

Study On CPU And Memory Hierarchy

Study On CPU And Memory Hierarchy CPU must have compatibility with the memory in the computer system. Memory cannot increase the speed of the processor however it can help the processor increase its performance. If the CPU doesnt get the data it requires, it would sit idle wasting CPU clock cycles that would decrease the overall throughput and execution of the processes. If data needs to be accessed to and from hard disk which is slower as compared to the main memory, more and more cycles are wasted decreasing the efficiency of the system. Conclusion- For better performance of the system, faster program execution and proper CPU utilization the compatibility between CPU and memory is required. A computer employs RAM chips of 256*8 ROM chips of 1024*8. The computer society system needs 2K byte of RAM 4KBYTE of ROM, 4 interface units. Each with 4 registers. A memory mapped I/O configuration is used. The 2 highest order bits of the address bus are connected with address 00 or RAM and 01 for ROM 10 for interface. How many RAM ROM chips are needed? Draw a memory address map. 2 kb of RAM required i.e. 21024(bytes) =2048 bytes (Since 1 kb =1024 bytes) RAM = = 8 chips; and 4kb of ROM is required i.e. 4 x 1024 = 4096 bytes Therefore ROM = = 4 chips; and There are 4 interfaces each having 4 register, So total no. of registers is 44=16 registers; Memory address map Cache Coherence- Caches allow greater performance by storing frequently used data. In multiprocessing system, each processor is provided with its own cache and they all share the same memory or address space so it is possible for more than one processor to access a data item at a time. What if one processor updates the data item without informing the other processors, inconsistencies may result and cause incorrect executions and the problem of inconsistencies is known as Cache Coherence in computing. The coherence of caches is obtained if the following conditions are met. However these read and write operations are said to be one after another and this is not possible due to memory access latency and a write by first processor may not be seen by a read from second processor if the read is made within a very small time after the write has been made. Case 1 Case 2 Processor P1 reads memory location X and then writes back to same location X while no other processor is not accessing the memory location X. Processor P1 reads and then processor P2 writes to and from same location X and currently the location would return value written by processor P2 only. Processor P1 and P2 writes to same memory location X in a sequence and currently the value returned would be decided as per the sequence. Mechanisms- Bus Snooping- In Bus Snooping each cache is connected through the same bus and it is where every CPU knows who has a copy of its cached data. So each CPU watches continually for write activity concerned with data addresses which it has cached. This assumes that all communication can be seen by all. However it is far more complex to implement. Directory Based Approach- In a directory-based system, the data being shared is placed in a common directory that preserves the coherence connecting caches. The directory acts as a filter through which the processor must ask authorization to fill an entry from the primary memory to its cache. When an entry is distorted the directory either updates or invalidates the other caches with that entry. The MESI protocol is the best suited protocol to avoid cache coherence, where M stands for MODIFIED, E stands for EXCLUSIVE, S stands for SHARED and I stands for INVALID. Write Back Cache- Cache uses two approaches to write data back to main memory. Write Through Write Back It is the simplest one in which all write all operations are made to the main memory as well as to cache; ensuring main memory is always valid. Any other CPU- cache module can monitor traffic to main memory to update the data in its own cache, but always results in substantial memory traffic. It minimizes memory writes. In write back method modifications to data in the cache arent copied to the cache source until absolutely necessary. It is also known as copy back cache .In write back updates are made only in the cache. When an update occurs UPDATE bit are set associated with the slot and when the block is replaced it is checked whether the UPDATE bit is set or not. If it is set then data is written back to main memory. For Example- Intel processors since the 80486 uses back caching. Problem with this kind of implementation is that performance improvement comes with a slight threat that data may be vanished if the system crashes and more complex circuitry. Onboard Cache- Cache is a part of multi-level storage strategy which is used to increase the performance of CPU by providing a bridge in between the slower memory RAM and CPU. The cache that is the part of the CPU is known as off-board cache and the cache which is present on the motherboard is known as on-board cache. Generally L1 cache is referred as off-board and L2 is known as on-board. Sometimes L3 cache is also present on the motherboard along with L2. Now a days specific CPU vendors incorporates L2 as a part of CPU and L3 on motherboard. Implementation of Cache- In Cache, latency needs to be decreased and hit rate needs to be increased. Larger caches have better hit rates but longer latency. To address this problem, many computers use multiple levels of cache. The smaller and faster one is L1 cache built inside the CPU known as on-chip. If CPU needs data it first checks in L1; if it hits the processor proceeds at high speed. If the smaller cache misses, the next larger cache (L2) is checked, and so on, before external memory is checked. As the latency difference between main memory and the fastest cache has become larger, some processors have begun to utilize as many as three levels of on-chip cache. For Example- Intels Xeon MP Product code-named Tulsa, AMD Phenom II (2008), Intel Core i7 (2008) uses unified L3 cache. However Cache can be implemented by using Direct Mapped, Associative Mapping or Set-Associative Mapping. Virtual Memory- For the execution of programs memory required is more than what is actually present. So, the technique used to overcome this size limitation is Virtual Memory which is illusion of memory not physically present. The purpose is to allow multiple programs share same memory allowing splitting up of program into smaller pieces that can be loaded into different parts of memory whenever space can be found. Implementation of Virtual Memory- It is implemented using two techniques- one is Demand Paging and other one is Demand Segmentation. CPU generates address which is not physically present. These are the program addresses referred to as logical addresses, they dont have any existence outside the program, the actual memory addresses are known as physical addresses. These virtual addresses are mapped or interchanged to its corresponding physical address through a process known as mapping. A page table or look up table is maintained for this purpose. In Demand paging, valid-invalid bit scheme is used in which a valid-invalid bit is associated with each page. 1 for the page in memory and 0 for not present in memory. During address translation if bit in entry is 0 the page fault occurs. In virtual memory process are divided into chunks of equal size known as pages and chunks of memory in which pages are loaded are known as frames. In Demand Segmentation each row of the lookup table contains a starting address for a logical block of memory, together with the size of the block and a corresponding starting address in physical memory. Paging and Segmentation operates both the same. Problem of Fragmentation- Fixed Memory Partitioning- Operating system occupies fixed portion of main memory and partitions are created for multiple processes but not of same size, so there will be wastage of memory. In most cases the process will not acquire memory provided to it. Variable Memory Partitioning- In variables-size partitions, the memory allocated is as much it is required by process. However when processes are swapped in, small holes are created leading to problem of fragmentation. Compaction is done to solve problem, but it waste CPU time. In Virtual Memory demand paging method is implemented, in which memory is partitioned into equal chunks that are relatively small, and each process is divided into small fixed size chunks of some size. The lists of the frames that are free are maintained by the operating system. As the size of the pages and frames are same so suffer less fragmentation problem. The Memory Hierarchy The design constraints on a computers memory can be summed up by three questions: how much memory is available, how fast it is and how much it will cost? Following are the relationships between these tradeoffs- Smaller access time, greater cost per bit. Greater capacity, smaller cost per bit. Greater capacity, greater access time. Access Time Increase Transfer Rate DecreasesCPU Registers Cache Cost per/bit Decreases Capacity IncreasesRAM Magnetic Disk Figure -Memory Hierarchy Memory hierarchy helps in increasing the performance of processor, without hierarchy, faster process wont help and all time waiting on memory, It provides a large pool of memory that costs as much as the cheap storage near the bottom of the hierarchy, but that serves data to programs at the rate of the fast storage near the top of the hierarchy. It provides a faster access of data stored in the memory. If it is understand how the system moves data up and down the memory hierarchy, then application programs can be written so that data items are stored higher in the hierarchy, where the CPU can access them more quickly. Addressing modes affecting performance of system- It simplifies the memory references, produces variable length instruction format and instruction manipulates operands in memory directly. It adds convenience and flexibility to have modes of addressing, and it allows a large range of addressable memory while using a reasonable number of bits. Addressing modes make it easier to write certain type of programs such as loops that uses an index to address different entries in a table or array. For Example- Indexed Addressing. Now a days computer allows programmer accessible registers that manipulate data directly between registers.

Women, Men And Competition :: essays research papers

Women, Men and Competition Loudly and often, women insist they don't like competition, and that competition is an act of aggression. Ironically, however, competition as aggression is inevitable in a society where men must compete for the attention of women. Women encourage this. Every time they passively wait for men to take the initiative, or reject nurturing men in deference to domineering men, they sustain the dynamic of dominance. Ignoring this, pop-feminists contend competition is the capitalization of aggression, and men do it to the detriment of all. Does this mean fighting for domination is the only way to compete? That competition is solely a product of masculine socialization and something we can do without? Masculine socialization has nothing to do with it. In one way or another, all living things compete, because wanting creates competition. You want to live, so you offer goods or services to others in exchange for the goods and services you need to survive. The better the goods and services you offer, the more you can get in exchange, and the better you will be able to live. To live well, you make your "stuff" as good as possible relative to what your "competition" offers. That is the essence of competition in a free market. It respects the rights of others, and everybody wins because it works through validation rather than domination. Competition as validation is the process by which the efficacy of ideas, knowledge, and products is validated by consumers. They choose what they value most. To the extent our economy encourages winning through validation, it works. Most women, however, encourage competition through domination by ignoring cooperative, nurturing men to give their love and sex to domineering, "virile" men. What's more, women compete, and they compete to win. This is especially evident in women's response to the invention of the rubber condom. Prior to the 1870's, prostitution in Europe was prevalent. Victorian ladies' distaste for sex encouraged "an explosive increase in prostitution" that caused "an epidemic spread of venereal disease, and a morbid taste for masochism." Then, women began to compete sexually, and prostitution had to go. They began to compete with prostitutes for their husbands' continuing attentions. What changed? Men started using rubber condoms. This gave women the option of enjoying sex without risking pregnancy, and that meant women now viewed prostitutes as sexual competitors. Subsequently, they demanded laws prohibiting prostitution, belying the myth that women don't compete. Women say this is men's fault. That men have forced the necessity of sexual competition upon women and that, left to themselves, women hearken to a more cooperative agenda. But the facts do not support this contention.

Responsibility for Eva Smiths Death :: An Inspector Calls J.B. Priestly Essays

Responsibility for Eva Smith's Death An Inspector Calls by J.B Priestly, a play, which was first, performed in 1945. The play was set in 1912 before World War I. The play centres’ around the wealthy Birling family. A visit from a mysterious Inspector Goole becomes a horrifying experience for the Birlings’, as they learn that they have all played a part in the suicide of a young girl called Eva Smith. She died by swallowing some strong disinfected in an infirmary. Priestley’s main aim was to encourage people to take responsibility for their actions, not to shift the blame on to others. Although each member of the Birling family and Gerald Croft have had contact with Eva Smith, none of them were aware of the others ´ involvement in the tragedy until the day of the inspector’s visit. He makes each of them aware of the part they had played that lead to her tragic end. The characters each reacted differently to the news and the degree of responsibility contributing to the death varied between them. They all through their selfishness had shown to contribute to Eva Smiths’ decision to kill herself. We must remember it wasn’t a crime. No one should be held responsible. It’s a moral issue. It was not only people that contributed to Eva Smith’s death but her position in the world and the way in which her life worked out. Mr Birling, a wealthy capitalist man, and a ‘rather portentious man,’ was the first person to be investigated. Mr.Birling didn't care about any of his workers, and didn't know them at all, as he says proudly, 'I have a couple of hundred workers under me, who keep changing.’ This clearly showed that there was no personal or business relationship with Eva Smith. Mr. Birling told the Inspector that all the workers had just returned from holiday and had become very restless. They demanded for a pay rise or would go on strike. She was making trouble as Mr Birling said, ‘She had a lot to say, far too much so she had to go.’ Personally, I don’t believe that Mr Birling did anything wrong towards Eva Smith. He only had sacked her from his factory because she had started to cause trouble by demanding higher wages. Anyone in his position would have done the same. Though Mr Birling may sound innocent there is much to judge of his character. He seems to be a very hard man, and shows no regret for dismissing Eva Smith, despite knowing, that if he had sacked her she may still have been alive. The effect of dismissing Eva Smith from her

Good vs. Evil in John Gardners Grendel :: Grendel Essays

Good vs. Evil in John Gardner's Grendel John Gardner's novel Grendel gives the reader a new perspective on the classic "good vs. Evil" plot. From the start of the book the reader can tell that there is something very unique about the narrator. It is evident that the narrator is a very observant being that can express himself in a very poetic manner. The story is one the reader has most likely seen before, the battle between the glorious thanes and the "evil" beast. In this case, however, the "beast" is the eyes and ears of the reader. This, of course, forces the reader to analyze situations in the book in the same way that Grendel does. By using this viewpoint, the author allows his readers to see the other side of the coin. Therefore, throughout the course of the novel the reader is able to understand how important Grendel is in defining the humans. Grendel's first encounter with the human beings that he literally defines is not a pleasant one. After accidentally trapping himself in a tree he is discovered by a group of thanes out on patrol. Grendel expresses absolutely no hostile intentions towards these "ridiculous" (ch.2, pp.24) creatures that "moved by clicks." (ch.2, pp.24) The thanes do not understand what Grendel is and are very uneasy about the whole situation. Like animals they are frightened of anything that is different from what they are used to. When Grendel attempts to communicate they show their ignorance and simple-mindedness. Instead of taking the time to understand the anomaly in their world they panic and decide to destroy it. Without being able to view the story from Grendel's point of view the reader might assume that the humans had every right to attack. Another example of the same type of simple-mindedness is their second premature attack on Grendel. After hearing the shaper's words Grendel weeps, "'Mercy! Peac e!'"(ch.4, pp.50) in the hopes of salvation from the god of these men. The men, in a drunken state, merely misunderstand Grendel's intentions and attack him once again. Instead of killing the men, which would have been an easy task for the giant, Grendel escapes into the night. This action alone defines the men as the "beasts" and Grendel as the victim.

Life of a teenage Girl Essay

For most teenage girls, music is just a part of every day life. Sure, they prefer certain bands and have their favorite songs, but in comparison to being a fan girl, that’s just a drop in the ocean. Super fans, better known as fan girls, devote themselves to books, television shows, movies, music, and celebrities all the time. Whether it’s purchasing the newest merchandise or attending the next concert, fan girls make it a mission to support their obsessions as much as possible. For me, it all started when a friend introduced me to the world’s most famous boy band, One Direction. What started out as a simple hobby soon became an obsession. My friends started following the band members on social media in the beginning. That quickly turned into purchasing albums, posters, notebooks, and even pillows that have their faces on them. They’re the first thing on our mind when we wake up, the last thought that comes to mind before bed, and nearly every thought in-between. Being a fan girl was never easy. Apart from the constant heartache that results from knowing you’ll never be with them, fan girls have to face many challenges. From school mates poking fun at us to family members disapproving, the whole experience can become quite difficult. â€Å"It can be a roller coaster of emotions,† a close friend once said. â€Å"It’s like the ruined my life in the best ways possible,† another once joked. Being a fan girl has a lot of positive impacts that overpower the negative ones. For starters, just seeing the face or hearing the voice of any One Direction member can instantly cheer me up and fill me with joy. You have the chance to experience true love at a young age without the painful drama of breakups and insults from the other person. The band members are always thanking you for your support and telling you how much they love and appreciate you. So, as you can see, being a fan girl has it’s ups and downs, but in the end, I couldn’t be happier that I am one.

Dickens Presentation of Female Characters in Great Expectations Essay

Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations was first serialised in 1861 in the journal ‘All Around the World’ during the Victorian period. During this time women were almost regarded as second class, even though the reigning queen had been on the throne for fourteen years. On the contrary, the Queen herself was quite masculine thinking it quite ‘improper’ that women should have the same rights as men. No women could vote, all major decisions were made by men and there were no important female political figures except for the queen herself, who was opposed to ‘votes for women’. Women were beginning to show signs of demand equality. Dickens created a lot of public awareness in his writings about the condition England was in. He liked to give the message ‘If men would behave decently the world would be decent’. He became very interested in socialist ideas from a young age and wrote novels for several years, including a novel based on his own life and the troubles he had. Great Expectations tells the story of orphan Pip, living with his bitter, older sister. Throughout the novel he encounters an escaped convict only then to be summoned by the wicked and cold Miss Havisham and her beautiful niece Estella. On top of this he is suddenly endowed with the generosity of a mysterious benefactor. Dickens uses physical appearance to convey his female characteristics. It was traditionally thought at the time, if a woman and ’round and curvy’ then she was a very warm person but if she was bony and skinny she would be an unpleasant and not very nice woman. There are several examples of this throughout the novel. He wanted to show what a horrible woman Mrs Joe Gargery was. So he described her as being: â€Å"not a good looking woman† and â€Å"tall and bony†. Both of these don’t make her sound particularly attractive and she is a very cruel person to Pip and Joe Gargery. Miss Havisham is shown in the same light, â€Å"Miss Havisham’s grey hair was all adrift upon the ground, among the other bridal wrecks, and was a miserable sight to see†. She is always dressed in her old wedding dress and her skin is very pale. Therefore almost giving us the impression, she is a ghost and she died years ago, making her seem like a very peculiar woman. There are many gothic images of Miss Havisham throughout the novel, because Gothic imagery was very popular at the time. She is twisted and evil and this is reflected in her attire and in her home, Satis house. The Clocks in Satis house reflect Miss Havsiham because just like clocks, she has stopped moving on with her life, she is also decaying, physically and mentally, just as the house is. She is only wearing one shoe and hasn’t changed her clothes in years. A Victorian reader would think upon first seeing a woman like her, that was crazy or evil and in this case, she is both. We see everything through Pip therefore we relate to him and feel what he does. So, even if Estella is horrible to Pip we can still forgive her because Pip does. Estella, in contrast â€Å"seemed more beautiful than she had ever seemed yet†, therefore in the eyes of a Victorian reader making her a warm and caring woman. This is ironic because she is the complete opposite. She can not express her emotions and has been brought up not to express love. But because the book is in a first person perspective the reader can relate to her beauty and because Pip still likes her, inevitably so does the reader. We see everything through Pip therefore we relate to him and feel what he does. So, even if Estella is horrible to Pip we can still forgive her because Pip does. Mrs Joe Gargery is very cruel to Pip until she is attacked. â€Å"It’s hard enough to be a blacksmith’s wife without being a mother†- she is resentful of having spent her life looking after Pip and being married to Joe. Mrs Joe Gargery is a very cruel and horrible old woman and the reader’s feelings towards her are only strengthened by the fact that she is not very attractive. Estella can be just as cruel to Pip as Mrs Joe Gargery is at times. When she says â€Å"you wait here boy† and â€Å"you ridiculous boy, will you never take warning? † it tells the reader she thinks a lot of herself and she is very proud. Again because she is pretty and the fact that, it is not her fault that she is this way, she is forgiven by the reader and Pip, because he is in love with her. In Mrs Joe Gargery’s opinion she has spent too many years raising Pip. She spends all her time being spiteful to Pip and will not be kinder, whatever the scenario. Pip would often recall scenes such as this one, ‘My sister made at dive at me and fished me up by the hair’. She strongly resented him and would take every opportunity possible to show it. She treats her husband Joe in the same way, although at heart Joe is an honest man and good man, he isn’t very bright and Pip always thinks of him as a ‘larger species of child’. Mrs Joe Gargery will, on the other hand, treat him like one Dickens makes the reader like Joe because Pip is very fond of him. This only increases the reader’s dislike for Mrs Joe Gargery. It is only until her encounter with Orlick that she becomes a completely different person, becoming much more patient. It is only because of an event such as this, she is like this, not because of her own will. It’s the male character Orlick who changed Mrs Joe Gargery into some more acceptable to the reader. Dickens created this event to show the reader that men still have authority over women. Miss Havisham died a very twisted, old and bitter woman. She was malicious and she poured all her dark, evil emotions into Estella. She once loved her husband-to-be very much. She had a lot of passion in her heart but that was destroyed when he left her standing at the altar. ‘I’ll tell you what real love is†¦.. giving up your whole heart and soul to the smiter’. Once again it has been a man that has changed one of the female leads into a person of hatred. She had an accident many years later and was left in such a state of shock she never fully recovered.

Technology Changes in 1850-1900s

The American economy has boosted, in such a way where positive and negative impacts can reflect on how the society is handled and seen as. New political ideas and inventions come to place, and our economy starts to shift and handle bigger changes. As a result, America used and developed new customs to help progress and grow to our necessities. One of the greatest impacts of technological inventions was the railroad. Railroads were the nation’s first â€Å"big business† and was a source of rapid transportation. Resources needed to build the nationwide network of railroads led to growth in other industries, for example, the coal and steel network.By making the technological changes, it increased and branched off into new jobs and products. For example, the railroads allowed farmers to sell their crops to a larger market, yet the railroads were more powerful than individual farmers or farm collectives. They were able to charge the farmers large fees, expenses that farmers barely had enough to cover, in order to transport their goods throughout the expansive country. Much of the technology was either expensive and/or needed large spaces to work effectively and sufficiently. Similar essay: Was the West a Land of Opportunity or Oppression?In order to promote western expansion, the federal government provided railroad companies with huge subsidies in the form of loans and land grants. Around 80 companies received over 170 million acres of public land and the railroad companies received more than three times the land given away by the Homestead Act. This was when they were offering 160 acres of land free to any citizen who was head of the household. This expanded land ownership and attracted foreigners to settle in these areas. Another huge invention which impacted the lives of people communicating across the country.This invention was called the Telegraph, created by Samuel Morse in 1844. By 1900 telegraph lines linked all continents in a global network of cables. This helped the communication travel around and when wars struck, they were able to stay in contact. The invention of the telegraph branched off to a new invention of the telephone, invented by A lexander Graham Bell in 1876. It opened the way for a worldwide communications network. The economic ideas of Laissez-faire capitalism and Social Darwinism, contributed to the rapid industrialization of the late 1800’s.Economists found in Social Darwinism, a way to justify the doctrine of laissez faire. Laissez-faire capitalism argued that business should not be regulated by the government and that they should be regulated by supply and demand. They would also offer goods at low prices and out of their self-interest. In the 1880’s trusts and monopolies started to undercut the natural regulation of the market. The second economic idea of Social Darwinism was based on Darwin’s theory of natural selection. This theory of natural selection and survival applied to the standards of the business world.

Reflection Report And Learning From An Experience Education Essay

The contemplation study is a signifier of thought, how to analyse based on cognition and feeling. As a director ego analyze to believe about failing and strengths. In this study, it is need to concentrate on communicating accomplishments, clip direction, range direction, hazard direction, analysis, self motive and direction ( self judgement, self rating, self reaction, and self satisfaction ) , job resolution, squad effectivity and undertaking planning. The chief aims of this study are needed to discourse and concentrate on following component: Life long larning after this thesis class experience Experience and Importance of group work and relationship with squad members Importance to maintain day-to-day dairy for long tally undertakings such as thesiss, research work studies or any long proficient undertakings. Contemplation is a series of measure to observe down for future mention and aid Importance of analysis and research we did for our project- processing of running undertaking Quality of work related to topic Tutor and group members suggestion and advises so note down in contemplation dairy Basically brooding cognition is a method to analyze him/her ego internally and profoundly and happening out the issue of jitteriness, settle down by the experience which creates the significance of ego. And learns from the same repetition experience and changed him/her ego efficaciously by the consequence of experiences. Reflection pattern is the signifier of ego consciousness and ego assessment and describes the consequence and results of individual ‘s actions.Remembrance of Experiences ( Weekly Detailed Dairy )WeekDateActivity01 14 -06-2010 First hebdomad, we attended the debut session of AMP Module given by Vincent Ong, and larn how to compose a study and how to follow the format etc from supportive coach. After that Academic Liaison Librarian has give the elaborate information about manner to set the referencing in our study and module enchiridion of AMP was provided to all of us. Following twenty-four hours activity was about the plagiarism and turnitinUK. JBK explained us sing rephrasing and characteristic of turnitinUK. They besides helped us in hunt of related articles from digital library. First clip, I have learnt that how to set cardinal words in progress hunt and acquire the diaries and articles called rational research to individuality and back up our work. Rob explained us about the contemplation study and how it is relevant with our study and what makes a good contemplation study and what should be the construction of study. After that we have collected enchiridion of AMP subject. During this hebdomad we have formed a group of 10 members as we all antecedently worked together so we knew each other. One thing in our favour that working with known group members will cut down clip taken to get down acting and apprehension of each frame of work. Get downing of this hebdomad we all felt excited and optimistic. As we received information about work we became more discerning, baffled and unsure and our subject besides made us really unsure and dying. But after two yearss encephalon ramping with group members and elaborate treatment with coach reassured us, and gave us elucidation and showed right way. In general we learnt that broad scope of resources and diaries are available in our library ; it was analyzed that without the coach counsel may be we would be on the incorrect way. We besides understand the importance of citing. How to comparing and contrasting the stuff from different writers and importance of sharing thoughts every bit good as we understand the importance of secondary research. Learned about the importance of the clip direction in undertaking and proper referencing ; may be some job will be encountered during the undertaking like in personal planning and in pull offing a group. Learning solution in this hebdomad would be like how to happen relevant information more efficaciously and learned the demand to keep records about day-to-day activities of advancement. 02 21-06-2010.This hebdomad, I have read the enchiridions and all stuff given by coach. Two articles in enchiridion are really much helpful for understanding the subject. Today we start our undertaking ; we did research and found 5-6 articles about mark market choice and difference between B2B and B2C patterns. Confronting much trouble in research about the relevant subject because our subject is much slippery and confounding. After two twenty-four hours fighting and with different cardinal words as suggested by coach, we came at one point of start. Need to understand the synthesis Main Report like how to pull grounds and evaluate and present our ain ideas in Report. It was advised that the chief study should be synthesis instead than descriptive. A batch of hurdlings came while seeking the subjects. To twenty-four hours I got some utile articles and after reading got some utile points of my demands. This hebdomad we had a meeting on Friday to work out the issues sing the apprehension of subjects and their cardinal dictions for hunt. 03 28-06-2010 This hebdomad, experiencing much trouble while reading, reexamining and comparing the articles of different writers and different sides sing my subject and cardinal words. Before start composing the literature reappraisal, I must necessitate to understand and analyze the Harvard System for proper referencing. So Google it and happen and understand the many ways of seting citing for article, diaries and books such as articles with losing day of the month, losing writer ‘s name, with more than one or two writer ‘s work etc. Today, I started my work on thesis and I made a booklet of my all downloaded article and took the print and read two of them so do the synthesize point from them I have been started my work from literature reappraisal which is the chief organic structure of the study in which we needs to set our ability to bring forth a quality of work at that place. I had written my synthesis point from two articles. This hebdomad we had a 2nd meeting on Friday to work out the issues sing the apprehension of subjects and portion some thoughts every bit good as searched article with each other besides our undertaking director direct us some utile subject related to ask foring stamp of technological solutions. I have decided to split my work chapter wise as guided us by our AMP faculty Coordinator. So we come the point that work should be start from literature reappraisal subdivision. 04 05-07-2010 Today I got my consequence ; I had passed my in all faculties. Thankss to Almighty GOD. Today I besides review the one more article which is presented in an international conference sing issues related to ICT facing by SMEs companies. So extract some chief point from this article and note down. In our meeting we discussed about the difference between E-business and E-commence, it found about a elaborate reading that e-commence is linked to the B2B and e-business is linked with B2C. Furthermore from surveies one thing come out that is digital-related merchandises and digital-unrelated merchandise. Our undertaking squad leader explained and clearly differentiated that digitally related merchandise i.e. package applications, nomadic phones, digital cameras were more suited for e-commerce, and more easy sold over the cyberspace unlike digitally unrelated merchandises like furniture where consumers must desire examine physically before a purchase is made. We besides discussed and studied further on the cardinal issues and consideration sing the stamp invitation for website development solution. 05 12-07-2010 In literature reappraisal, comparing of all research workers and writers work relevant to topic is really much hard and different nature of work for me. It is noticed that all research worker concentrating the similar issue that impacting the operation while company is traveling to B2C market and suggests the same demand and cardinal consideration. As I am holding the first experience at this degree of literature reappraisal and work but it is much interested and knowing attempt for me. It is really easy to deviate from the original subject during the literature reexamining procedure. Felt much trouble like recreation from my original subject in this portion of work. May God assist me to make this in good and best ways related to demand topic demand. 06 19-07-2010 This hebdomad I was non able to work on my study due to my some personal battle and some household issues so I was out of station. 07 26-07-2010 This hebdomad, I started to understand and revise some articles and paperss on tendering. As I need to understand that how to ask for the stamp for technological and package solutions. Issues come up while composing on ask foring stamps for technological solution. Because invitation of stamps for proficient and non proficient solution are much confusing and related work. But feel similar interesting as I am holding the new expertness and expertness in this new country of tendering. I do n't hold any experience of reading such type of paperss. As I was stuck on the measure of ask foring stamp so today I consulted with the squad leader of our group so she assist me out in apprehension of this specific point that what are the cardinal demand for ask foring the stamps as I was believing on the format like that sing tendering but she solved my issue and sent some articles for literature reappraisal related to this. She is really much assisting individual and nice lady and she should be a good squad leader in future. 08 02-08-2010 Confusion- authorship on invite stamp for web development that whether it should b E-tendering or normal traditional manner. Another issue that I was confronting that in most of tendering article there is no proper writer or research worker name. Largely the company and organisational name are mentioned while ask foring stamp for the technological or package solutions. Got some article and diary on tendering and outsourcing the IT related work and technological solution. This hebdomad I have made my concluding agenda and split the yearss till concluding reappraisal of study and how to shut my work within the month of August. Understand and learnt about the usage of indexing in tabular array of contents in MSWord ; how to utilize the proper referencing. 09 09-08-2010 This hebdomad I met with my one of the group member in LRC and discussed about the e-book umpirage and how many mentions we can utilize and whether largely should be diary ‘s articles and could be from any where else? So she suggested that we should e-mail to Peter Godwin every bit good as we get some information from LR usher or mentioning within digital library. After that we discussed about recommendations on subject. Should we necessitate to propose or set some recommendation related to our sort of work? This hebdomad, I got some good article but this is my targeted hebdomad in my clip tabular array to complete all the literature reappraisal and authorship. And should be focus and emphasized on the synthesis, analysis and comparing of the study in last 3 hebdomad. This hebdomad, I need to scale down and windup my all reappraisal work. Today is the terminal of this hebdomad and I have closed my literature reappraisal authorship and my following phase is to syntheses the study and exacts the cardinal point for analysis and treatment. 10 16-08-2010 Today I have started my work on reappraisal of my work with elaborate and syntheses point of position. Feel some ambiguity sing mentions in analysis and discuss phase that whether we need to set the Harvard mention within the analysis and treatment part like we did in literature reappraisal or non? To decide this issue I put an electronic mail to our squad member and waiting of there answer. 11 23-08-2010 This hebdomad is really much tough and important as I wholly put my attempt on the alteration and focal point on my whole work and equilibrate the study in a proper flow and come out with corrected some errors After that I can break concentrate working on the decision and recommendation of the subject. Today terminal of this hebdomad, I wrote down my decision and recommendation. 12 30-08-2010 Working on contemplation analysis study and syntheses my all work into concluding version. Recompiled day-to-day dairy log of my all 3 month plantsPersonal feelings and larning from the experienceResearch work is truly really much interesting but clip consuming. I spend my neat hours and hours on this study and this work should be helpful and really much supportive for my future work and acquisition at this degree and above this. Meetings and regular Google talk and email exchange about AMP study work, experiences and treatment with group members. Some major troubles were come in forepart while reexamining the literature like comparing of all research workers and writers work sing my subject. As it is noticed that all research worker concentrating the similar issue that impacting the operation while traveling to B2C market and suggests the same demand and cardinal consideration for outsourcing procedures. As I was holding the first clip experience at this degree of literature reappraisal and work but it was much interested and knowing attempt for me. I enjoy a batch with m y work and experience much happy at this phase and got much knowledge from last three month attempts. That how to do the comparing of other writers work and note down in ain my dictions. It was really easy to deviate from the original path during literature reexamining stage every bit good as in composing the study procedure. My God assist me out to make this thing in good and best ways that I was linked to my subject. Issue sing literature reappraisal and other relevant work are resolved really swimmingly with the aid of all my group members ‘ corporate engagement and attempts. We had arranged the meetings until all the members are cleared and much satisfied with the apprehension of subject and informations aggregation as we had three hebdomadal groups run intoing with squad leader after the AMP hebdomad. My squad was really much generous with the committedness and clip promptness. My part was besides singular every bit good and I was linked with my group members all the clip 24/7 through electronic mail, facebook and Mobile. And I was much satisfied with my work and with group members ‘ response.Group Dynamics and Learning from the experienceHere I must advert one thing that my current AMP group members are non fresh new members. We were holding same group in all our old class work. So we were much comfy with each other and knew each other frame of head and algorithm of work. And we understand the group kineticss and duties. As a whole I did n't experience any job in my work with my members. Since I was linked with my group members all the clip 24/7 through electronic mail, nomadic and all the group members were much satisfied with my part and with my speedy response on any issue related to our work. I fulfill my all duties that were given by our squad leader. Out supervisor consultancy was really much helpful for us sing the understanding the existent subject and how to seek the relevant stuff from digital library. He did really flat best to work out our issues. I learnt that the group work is really much effectual and helpful for this type of large undertakings as the work is distributed and every member come up with good and di fferent thoughts and cognition. And the undertaking will run into the deadlines really swimmingly.Lessons for the hereafter UndertakingsThe lesson learned dairy was kept in order to convey all the lessons together that we learnt during the thesis work, which would be the guideline for other future undertakings. The hebdomadal journal was updated whenever I have learned some thing new during the undertaking whether it was positive or negative lesson. From experience with the proper direction of work start to stop and all the group members cooperation ; many positive and good lessons was learned for future undertakings. Such as hebdomadal meetings, clip direction and good communicating with members will force up our advancement. With a good clip direction, now we have a batch of clip for quality reappraisal and rectification before the deadline. I learnt really much from group work experience as it will assist me out in increasing good direction accomplishment and to accomplish the aims harmonizing to prefix quality criterions within the clip constrains through the planning and good control particularly at initial phase. Daily log helped me out to program and schedule the hebdomadal undertakings and overall advancement of my work. Following are the cardinal lessons I have learned for future undertaking as a group. Good apprehension and friendly work environment. meetings with group members and hebdomadal dairy and should be maintained Time direction and planning Good communicating and updates sharing.DecisionThe undertaking was managed really calmly and swimmingly with aid of supervisors ‘ guidelines from the first phase and good squad ‘s effectual communicating via ( electronic mail, phone and hebdomadal meetings ) motive, be aftering and clip direction, hazard direction and most of import is self direction and motive. Each squad members was really much delegated, punctual and showed their duty. The tool of hebdomadal dairy helped me out to aline and supervise my each phase and there aims. We received the feedback and do the updates with hebdomadal group meeting at the start. However, with good clip direction and apprehension of work, our group members met the deadlines but we faced few issues and hurdlings sing understand of subject and hunt of relevant stuff like e-article, e-journal and books. But with effectual communicating between all members via meetings, electronic mail, phone all the hazards and issues will be overcomes with the clip existences. Finally, my undertaking was successfully finished with the clemency of Almighty God and the equal part of all squad members at there degree best and my female parents ‘ supplication was with me all the clip. At the terminal, I believed that good direction accomplishment and supportive undertaking leader every bit good as adequate support from the supervisor in AMP Week were the grounds for no major issues, hurdlings, and divergences from the path. As good direction and clear communicating helped out greatly to avoid the likely issues and struggles as every squad members were cognizant of their ain deadlines and their ain duty. I must appreciate this new method of ego recording of our day-to-day work for such type of long undertaking which kept us on right way and lesson for clip direction and contemplation of our work for future chances. I am much satisfied with my work at this phase and learnt a batch for future things as this whole experience of UK alterations my life style a nd it was the womb-to-tomb acquisition for me.

American Films and Backhoe Operators

To select the one who would get the job, the company asked each of them to go out and actually work on the backhoe for a day. Jim felt his chance for the job disappear because he had never even driven a tractor, let alone used a backhoe. When he went out, he did not know how to start the tractor. One of the other backhoe operators had to show him. He managed through the day, and to his surprise, did better than the others. He was given the job. On his first day at the new job, one of the other backhoe operators showed him where to check the hydraulic fluid and said, â€Å"These old Masseys are foolproof. You will be okay. † Jim taught himself how to dig a hole by trial and error. He initially believed that the best way was to fill the bucket as much as possible before lifting it out of the hole and emptying it. He would wiggle the bucket back and forth until it was submerged and then curl it. When it came out of the hole, the earth would be falling off the sides. This job was not so difficult after all, he thought. He cut through his first water line about two weeks after starting his new job. Going into a deep, muddy hole did not make the crew happy. After Jim cut through his third water line, the crew chief pulled him aside and said, â€Å"You are taking too much earth out with each bucket, so you don’t feel the bucket hitting the water line; ease up a bit. Water lines were usually six to eight feet down, so Jim would dig until about four feet and then try to be more careful. It was then that he pulled up some telephone lines that were only about three feet deep. Realizing that more was involved in operating a backhoe than he first had thought, he sought out Bill Granger, who was known to have broken a water line only twice in his 15 years. It was said that he was so good that he could dig underneath the gas lines—a claim that Jim doubted. Bill said, â€Å"You need to be able to feel any restriction. The way to do that is to have more than one of your levers open at the same time. Operating the bucket lever and the boom lever at the same time reduces the power and causes the machine to stop rather than cut through a line of any type. † Jim began to use this method but still broke water lines. The difference now was that he knew immediately when he broke a line. He could feel the extra pull, whereas in the past, he found out either by seeing water gushing up or by hearing the crew chief swearing at him. He was getting better. Jim never did become as good as Bill Granger. In fact, two years later, he applied for another job as gas repairperson and was promoted, but the training as a gas repairperson was not much better. Case Questions 1. What are the potential costs to this lack of training? Why do you think the company operated in this manner? 2. What type of training would you recommend: OJT, classroom, or a combination? Describe what the training might entail. 3. What type of training environment would you provide? 4. Who would you get to do the training, and why? 5. Would you consider purchasing a training program for backhoe operators? Provide your rationale. American Films and Backhoe Operators To select the one who would get the job, the company asked each of them to go out and actually work on the backhoe for a day. Jim felt his chance for the job disappear because he had never even driven a tractor, let alone used a backhoe. When he went out, he did not know how to start the tractor. One of the other backhoe operators had to show him. He managed through the day, and to his surprise, did better than the others. He was given the job. On his first day at the new job, one of the other backhoe operators showed him where to check the hydraulic fluid and said, â€Å"These old Masseys are foolproof. You will be okay. † Jim taught himself how to dig a hole by trial and error. He initially believed that the best way was to fill the bucket as much as possible before lifting it out of the hole and emptying it. He would wiggle the bucket back and forth until it was submerged and then curl it. When it came out of the hole, the earth would be falling off the sides. This job was not so difficult after all, he thought. He cut through his first water line about two weeks after starting his new job. Going into a deep, muddy hole did not make the crew happy. After Jim cut through his third water line, the crew chief pulled him aside and said, â€Å"You are taking too much earth out with each bucket, so you don’t feel the bucket hitting the water line; ease up a bit. Water lines were usually six to eight feet down, so Jim would dig until about four feet and then try to be more careful. It was then that he pulled up some telephone lines that were only about three feet deep. Realizing that more was involved in operating a backhoe than he first had thought, he sought out Bill Granger, who was known to have broken a water line only twice in his 15 years. It was said that he was so good that he could dig underneath the gas lines—a claim that Jim doubted. Bill said, â€Å"You need to be able to feel any restriction. The way to do that is to have more than one of your levers open at the same time. Operating the bucket lever and the boom lever at the same time reduces the power and causes the machine to stop rather than cut through a line of any type. † Jim began to use this method but still broke water lines. The difference now was that he knew immediately when he broke a line. He could feel the extra pull, whereas in the past, he found out either by seeing water gushing up or by hearing the crew chief swearing at him. He was getting better. Jim never did become as good as Bill Granger. In fact, two years later, he applied for another job as gas repairperson and was promoted, but the training as a gas repairperson was not much better. Case Questions 1. What are the potential costs to this lack of training? Why do you think the company operated in this manner? 2. What type of training would you recommend: OJT, classroom, or a combination? Describe what the training might entail. 3. What type of training environment would you provide? 4. Who would you get to do the training, and why? 5. Would you consider purchasing a training program for backhoe operators? Provide your rationale.

Should College Ban Alcohol Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Should College Ban Alcohol - Research Proposal Example Coupled with many other problems, the freedom to drink alcohol in colleges has been seen to be responsible for a number of social ills. A section of the society feels that colleges should ban alcohol so that students do not drink on campus (Correia 56). Similarly, there are also others who feel that colleges should not ban alcohol. Both sides of the argument have advanced various reasons for their arguments. Nothing much in those two wide opinions has changed. The debate still rages. Pro-Alcohol Ban in Colleges Arguments Alcohol Drinking in Colleges Impact Negatively in Learning Outcomes To begin with, supporting side of the argument on whether colleges should ban alcohols has advanced various reasons for this position. Research results published in AlcoholEdu between 2008-2009 found out that alcoholism in college impacts negatively on learning objectives and outcome. The authors say, â€Å"The number of drinks consumed correlates with the number of classes missed.† By this, the authors imply that the more a student drinks in college, the more such a student will be inclined to miss classes. The authors feel that it should be the responsibility of the society to shape the development of such student so that do not waste study time. The strength of this assertion is that it logically points out that missed classes may most likely result in a fail grade in the unit concerned. Therefore, as such students mature up with time, they should be guided on the right path by banning alcohol on campus. Even so, it appears that such an argument is weak in the sense that it insinuates that colleges should babysit adult students.

Mucicarmine Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mucicarmine - Research Paper Example The end red color observed results from the combination of carminic acid and positively charged aluminium ions. The complex is the vital component of the dye that makes it feasible for use in tumor identification and subsequent cancer diagnosis in biochemical laboratories (Gupta et al., 2012). The cations in the complex are responsible for the final positive charge that characterizes the complex. Positive charge of the dye, a result of the complex formed between the carmic acid and ions of aluminium is the property that allows for its effective utilization in cancer diagnosis. Therefore, this explains the selectivity of the dye towards the negatively charged gastrointestinal mucins during staining (Myers, 2009). The most important component of the mucicarmine, carmic acid originates from cochineal group of insects. Specifically, scientists perform extraction of carmic acid from the female members of the genus Coccus cacti. Solvent extraction, which entails a series of stages, remains performed on the dried body parts of the female insects. The pigments contained in the bodies of the insects are varied but carmic acid remains the point of interest throughout the process. Dried insects are ground in a mortar; a specific amount of the powder is mixed in a methanol-water medium. The mixture is blended to form a homogenous solution. Solvent extraction in vessel containing selector water at about 80 0C follows blending. Mayer’s is a special stain that incorporates mucicarmine in its mode of action. The stain is usually alkaline due to the excess positive charges that result from the aluminium cations contained in the carmic acid and aluminium complex. The stain is more effective on the mucins, which are acidic due to excesses of negative charges. Mayer’s stain is very effective as positive charges attract negative charges causing excellent visualization of the target

Discuss an Ethical Issue in Nursing Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Discuss an Ethical Issue in Nursing - Term Paper Example cupational therapy services based on medical necessity, yet the payer-source (Medicare) coverage criteria for services to be delivered at home was questionable. That is, should one continue to treat the client and uphold the principle of beneficence yet run afoul of the laws or should one discontinue treating the patient to uphold the law but possibly cause harm to the client?† Nurses are hired to assist physicians. In the scenario described, the nurses can also be tapped to assist and/or complement the occupational and physical therapists. This will likely apply most to new nurses coming from developing country who can be hired at less expensive rates compared to US nurses as well as other nurses who have stayed long in the US. Thus, a nurse can be a potential party or direct participant to the situation described by Wells. In view of rising medical costs, tapping nurses from developing countries to either assist or substitute for occupational or physical therapists can emerge as a trend in the United States. Thus, an ethical dilemma for a nurse is whether he or she will allow himself or herself to be a party to the dilemma described by Wells (2007). In the case described by Wells, the patient encountered difficulties in keeping up with appointments with the health providers. Medicare rules for client to receive home health require that the patients meet certain criteria (Wells, 2007, p. 31). Directly quoting Medicare sources, Wells said that a homebound patient situation exists when â€Å"there exists a normal inability to leave home, and, consequently, leaving home would require considerable and taxing effort† (2007, p. 31). Wells also said that although his case was definitely homebound, ethical principles were at risk because his moral duty to provide treatment was in conflict with institutional interpretations of the Medicare regulations or guidelines of what constitutes a homebound patient (2007, p. 31). In other words, the case described by Wells