Poetic Tools Describe Life in Walt Whitmans Song of Myself Essay

Lovely Tools Describe Life in Walt Whitman's Song of Myself Walt Whitman is normally known as the versifier of America, an artist who expounded on the regular man of the nation as had never been finished. He had the option to do so in light of the fact that he was a typical man, as can be found in lines, for example, This is the city and I am one of the residents. Within his verse he frequently utilized certain instruments of the average epic story, acquired from such stories as The Iliad, and The Odyssey. These apparatuses can be seen inside the lines of his extensive sonnet of fifty-two segments Melody of Myself. The first of these instruments incorporate a conjuring of the dream, as can be found in the lines I loafe and welcome my spirit, which seems, by all accounts, to be a summon of a dream, or his own spirit which may likewise be his dream. Another device utilized is recording, all through this sonnet Whitman consolidates numerous depictions and pictures that he records in an inventory structure. Another run of the mill epic instrument is that of starting en medias res, or in things. The utilization of analogies, correlations utilizing like or similar to another epic instrument that is unavoidable inside Whitmans works. The last apparatus Whitman utilizes is the mixing of high and low, or the normal man partner with individuals of an alternate class for instance when he thinks about somebody to the president Have you outstript the rest? are you the President? Whitman likewise fuses certain personas into his works when he utilizes I and me, which don't generally allude to him. In conclusion, Whitman utilizes a type of composing called free refrain, which displays no cognizant cadenced structure, it is unrhymed. It is with this structure Whitman embarks to catch the American vernacular, making his verse to a greater extent a portrayal of Americas basic man. Secti... ...mbryo, saying My undeveloped organism has never been slow. Using his notable apparatus of inventoriing he records a few things, for example, a cloud, a circle, layers, vegetables, and sauroids. All of which are things of the past and add to the subject of time everlasting. It is with these words and pictures that Whitman consolidates his life into the incredible broad time everlasting. He shows how he, and every other person fits into the incredible course of events, and eventually how the past can impact ones life in the present. Eventually Whitman comes to acknowledge only this, that the past has come to make him what his identity is and he closes the segment by saying The sum total of what powers have been consistently utilized to finish and enjoyment me, Now I remain on this spot with my spirit. Works Cited: Whitman, Walt. Tune of Myself. The Heath Anthology of American Literature. third ed. Ed, Paul Lauter. Boston,NewYork: Houghton Mifflin, 1998.

Waltham Motors Division Sample Essay Example For Students

Waltham Motors Division Sample Essay On the off chance that Waltham Motors Division sells 13. 326 units. it will breakeven. Be that as it may, why Waltham brought about net losingss when it sold more than 13. 326 units in May? The horrible cost disparities ( see answer 2 and 3 ) and Waltham’s high working buy were significant justification for its financial occupations. Waltham’s runing buy is 3. multiple times. which demonstrates that the working pay is extremely delicate to modifications in net incomes. Answer 2: Entire expense per unitThe planned expense per unit is $ 42. 93. also, the existent expense per unit is $ 49. 51. While figuring the expense per unit. we incorporate all the expense. counting promoting and removal costs. The existent expense per unit surpassed the planned whole in light of the devotees: * Waltham sold less units of engines contrasted with the planned measures. In this way. the existent working cost per unit surpassed the spending whole because of diminished denominator. * Waltham brought about higher chief work cost per unit and direct stuff cost per unit contrasted with the planned totals. We will compose a custom article on Waltham Motors Division Sample explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Answer 3: Performance studyWaltham should part the troublesome latent spending inconsistency for runing salary into two sections: an adaptable spending error of $ 20. 356 U and a business volume error of $ 78. 044 U. To infer more distant entrance. Waltham should partition the adaptable spending error for direct cost contributions to progressively expound disparities. Value inconsistency for direct stuffs is $ 4. 200 F. furthermore, measure error for direct stuffs is $ 5. 600 U. Value disparity for direct work is $ 5. 600 U. also, measure disparity for direct stuffs is $ 16. 400 U. Answer 4: Summary of disparity investigation The summarize of disparities high spots three boss effects:* Waltham sold 400 less units than planned. resulting in an ominous deal volume error of $ 78. 044. Net saless declined likely in light of the fact that Waltham did non adjust quickly to changes in customer affinity and likely on the grounds that quality occupations built up that prompted customer disappointment with Waltham’s engines. * Waltham sold units at a higher financial incentive than planned. resulting in a good selling-value inconsistency of $ 14. 000. * Fabrication costs for the existent final result created were higher than planned †direct stuff by $ 1. 400. direct manufacturing work by $ 22. 000. variable creating working cost by $ 9. 756. what's more, fixed working cost by $ 1. 200. To determine more distant entrance. we partition the adaptable spending inconsistency for direct cost contributions to progressively expound errors as adherents: Fiscal worth discrepancy* The $ 4. 200 positive direct stuffs financial worth disparity could be a result of capable exchange achievements of purchasing executive on direct stuffs. a modification to a lower-value supplier. a reducing in showcase financial estimation of direct stuff. what's more, possibly lower quality stuffs. * The $ 5. 600 negative direct manufacture work fiscal worth disparity could be a result of an expansion in advertise financial estimation of direct work or. hapless discourse achievements of purchasing executive or human asset chief on direct work costs. Proficiency discrepancy* The $ 5. 600 negative direct stuffs productivity disparity and the $ 16. 400 ominous direct creation work effectiveness inconsistency could be a result of untalented specialists. hapless creation plan. or on the other hand hapless machine care. We other than partition the variable costs overhead inconsistency and fixed costs overhead disparity into increasingly expand errors as supporters: Variable overhead discrepancy* The ominous $ 9. 756 variable manufacturing overhead error emerges likely on account of the distinction between existent measure and planned proportion of the cost distribution base. For outline. laborers might be less gifted than anticipated in using machines and creation scheduler may wastefully plan occupations ( as prove by horrible disparity for inert clasp and tidy up cut ) . which result in more machine hours utilized than planned. * The negative $ 9. 756 variable creating overhead inconsistency could other than be a result of the contrast between existent expense per unit of cost designation base and the planned expense per unit of cost apportioning base. For representation. existent fiscal estimations of single data sources. for example, the fiscal estimation of transportation costs. could be higher than planned fiscal estimations of these information sources. .u35d6bd82ba662e0fd43f15532c0d7e46 , .u35d6bd82ba662e0fd43f15532c0d7e46 .postImageUrl , .u35d6bd82ba662e0fd43f15532c0d7e46 .focused content zone { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u35d6bd82ba662e0fd43f15532c0d7e46 , .u35d6bd82ba662e0fd43f15532c0d7e46:hover , .u35d6bd82ba662e0fd43f15532c0d7e46:visited , .u35d6bd82ba662e0fd43f15532c0d7e46:active { border:0!important; } .u35d6bd82ba662e0fd43f15532c0d7e46 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u35d6bd82ba662e0fd43f15532c0d7e46 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u35d6bd82ba662e0fd43f15532c0d7e46:active , .u35d6bd82ba662e0fd43f15532c0d7e46:hover { murkiness: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u35d6bd82ba662e0fd43f15532c0d7e46 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u35d6bd82ba662e0fd43f15532c0d7e46 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content improvement: underline; } .u35d6bd82ba662e0fd43f15532c0d7e46 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u35d6bd82ba662e0fd43f15532c0d7e46 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content beautification: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u35d6bd82ba662e0fd43f15532c0d7e46:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u35d6bd82ba662e0f d43f15532c0d7e46 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u35d6bd82ba662e0fd43f15532c0d7e46-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u35d6bd82ba662e0fd43f15532c0d7e46:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Mandatory Physical Education in High Schools EssayFixed overhead discrepancy* The troublesome $ 1. 200 fixed overhead disparity emerges in light of the fact that existent fixed overhead expenses surpass the planned entirety. This is likely because of the higher managerial expenses. for example, a higher than planned compensation paid to the works executive.

How to Cite the Gettysburg Address

How to Cite the Gettysburg Address (0) In November of 1863, at the height of the American Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln delivered one of the most well-known speeches in history. Though it only lasted two minutes, the Gettysburg Address eloquently expressed the pressing need to instill the principle of human equality in a divided nation. To celebrate President Abraham Lincoln this President’s Day, let’s take a look at how to cite his most famous speech in MLA, APA, and Chicago. To cite an address/speech, properly, you must identify the following pieces of information: Speaker first and last name Editor’s name, if there is one Speech title Date speech was given If Found in a Book: Book title (where speech was found) Book author’s first and last name Publisher of the book Year the book was published City and state of publisher Page range where the speech/address was found If Found in an Online Transcript: Title of the article Title of the Webpage (if different from the article) Speech location Publisher of the article Date article was published URL of the website that the article was retrieved from Use the following structure to cite the Gettysburg Address in MLA style: Formula if Found in a Book Speaker Last Name, First Name. “Speech Title.” Year Given. Book Title, by Author First Name Last Name, Publisher, Year Published. MLA Example: Lincoln, Abraham. “The Gettysburg Address.” 1863. America’s Most Famous Speeches, by Dale Salwak, Random House, 1984. Formula if in an Online Transcript Speaker Last Name, First Name. “Speech Title.” Year Given. Title of Article, Publisher, Date Published, URL. MLA Example: Lincoln, Abraham. “The Gettysburg Address.” 1863. The Story of Abraham Lincoln, The National Archives, 10 Jan. 2017, www.nationalarchives.gov/abraham-lincoln. Use the following structure to cite the Gettysburg Address in APA style: Formula if Found in a Book Speech title.  (Year Book Published). In Editor Initial. Last Name (Ed.), Book title (pp. x-x). City, State: Publisher. Example APA Book Citation: The Gettysburg address. (1984). In F. Ballard (Ed.), Americas great speeches (pp. 43-45). New York, NY: Random House. Formula in an Online Transcript Author’s Last name, F.M. (Year page published). Title of the article or individual page [Format]. Retrieved from URL Example: Lincoln, A. (2017). The Gettysburg address [Transcript]. Retrieved from www.nationalarchives.gov/abraham-lincoln. Use the following structure to cite the Gettysburg Address in Chicago style format: Formula in a Book Speaker Last Name, First Name. “Speech Title.” Year Given. In Book Title, edited by Editor First Name Last Name. City/State: Publisher, Year Published. Example: Lincoln, Abraham. The Gettysburg Address. 1863. In America’s Most Famous Speeches, edited by Frank Ballard. New York: Random House, 1984. Formula if Found in an Online Transcript Speaker Last Name, First Name. “Speech Title.” Speech, Location, Date Given. “Webpage Title,” Website Title. Accessed Date. URL. Example: Lincoln, Abraham. Gettysburg Address. Speech, Gettysburg, PA, November 19, 1863. “American Speeches”, National Archives. Accessed January 7, 2017. www.nationalarchives.gov/abraham-lincoln. For more help with citing, in text citations, creating an APA cover page, and more, try ’s citation tools.

Audrey Claire Henderson Ms. Mcpeak Art1113 3 April 2017

Audrey Claire Henderson Ms. McPeak Art1113 3 April 2017 Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo da Vinci was born April 15, 1452 in a little farmhouse along the rolling hills of Tuscany. Leonardo was the illegitimate child of a young peasant woman, Caterina, and a respected Florentine notary, Ser Piero. His father was also a wealthy businessman and landowner. He lived with his mother until the age of five and then moved in with his father where he welcomed as a member of the family and received elementary education. At the age of 15, Leonardo began an apprenticeship with the artist Andrea del Verrocchio in Florence where he learned a wide spread of skills dealing with technical and mechanical subjects. These included drawing, painting, and sculpting†¦show more content†¦(Hutchinson) In 1502, he joined the military of Cesare Borgia as a senior military engineer. Borgia was at the height of his power and was said to be one of the most compelling feared men of his time. da Vinci and Borgia became infatuated with one another and their accomplishments. In Borgia’s court Leonardo met Nicolo Machiavelli. In da Vinci, Machiavelli sparked a curiosity for politics. In 1503, they left Borgia and began planning together a system of canals. It was here while planning the route for the canal that he fell in love with the beauty of the land for his work the Mona Lisa. The project for the canals failed shortly after. In 1506, Leonardo was summoned back to Milan by the French governor. Here he became a painter and engineer to King Louis XII of France. Between 1506 and 1510, he wrote one of his most inclusive notebooks called Codex Leicester. The 72 pages contain da Vinci’s thoughts on astronomy, hydrodynamics, riverbank erosion, and properties of water. The book was bought for 30.8 million dollars in 1994 by Bill Gates. It is the only privately owned manuscripts on da Vinci’s and the only one in the US. In 1513, he relocated to Rome where we worked under the pa tronage of Guiliano de Medici. Here he also spent much of his time on writing, science, and engineering. Three years later after Giuliano de Medici died he moved to France where King Francis I had extended an invitation to him. He

American Reconstruction after the Civil War Essay

Reconstruction was a period of time after the Civil War (1865-1877) that was supposed to be the rebuilding of America. It was also the process used to readmit all the Confederate states back into the Union. There was controversy, however, on how to go about rebuilding the nation. Abraham Lincoln proposed a lenient plan. After he was assassinated, Andrew Johnson proposed a very similar plan. The Radical Republicans, a group of legislators that were in favor of freedmen’s rights, were opposed to both plans under â€Å"Presidential Reconstruction†. They initiated â€Å"Congressional Reconstruction†. Because of the conflicting views, there was little cooperation between the Executive and Legislative branches. This lead to many unsuccessful†¦show more content†¦Johnson stated that the seven remaining states would be admitted if: they withdrew its secession, swore allegiance to Union, anul Confederate was debts, and ratify the 13th Amendment, which ab olished slavery. The only main difference being that Johnson did not want high-ranking Confederates and wealthy Southern landowners to take the oath needed to vote. The Radical Republicans were infuriated by Johnson’s Plan because it failed to effectively help former slaves. They wanted a plan stricter on the punishment of the Southerners, and one that addressed the land, voting, and protection under the law of slaves. This is why when Johnson pardoned all Southerners the Radicals refused to admit the Southern representatives back into Congress. The Radical Republicans, and the rest of Congress, were the ones who passed most of the bills for Reconstruction, because of their ability to override the president with their majority. They expanded the Freedmens Bureau, which did show some progress in the helping of former slaves and poor white men. The Freedmen’s Bureau set up hospitals, schools, and also gave out supplies. This achieved the enablement of former slaves having the right to free education. Later on, however, the Freedmen’s Bureau became neglected, and was often forgotten or overlooked. The Freedmen’s Bureau is accurately described in this following statement, â€Å"This auspicious beginning belied the great disappointments that lay ahead,† (CITE TEXTBOOK). Many ofShow MoreRelatedNorth or South: Reconstruction after the American Civil War Essay1762 Words   |  8 PagesThe American Civil War came to a terrible and bloody end with six hundred thousand casualties and the North winning and the South losing. Southern soldiers returned from the war and found their home in ruins. Lots of people lost their homes, land, businesses, and their way of life. Many Southerners faced starvation due to the high food prices and the widespread of crop failure. The Confederate money that was used by Southerners was now useless. Numerous banks collapsed, and the merchants went bankruptRead MoreReconstruction During The Civil War Essay1676 Words   |  7 PagesReconstruction The United States went through many changes after the Civil War and during the Reconstruction period of 1866-1877. Before Abraham Lincoln was assassinated on December, 1863, by John Wilkes, Lincoln announced the first Reconstruction plan a year before the Civil War had ended and Lincoln offered general amnesty to white southerners who would pledge an oath of loyalty to the government and accept the abolition of slavery. During the summer of 1865, Johnson not long after he took officeRead MoreEssay about The Reconstruction Era: The Planted Seeds1231 Words   |  5 PagesThe first roar of the Civil War ended with a last gasp for air. Where in such a war more than six hundred twenty thousand men sacrificed their lives for their own belief in the abolishment of slavery (â€Å"Civil War Facts†). â€Å"We here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain. That this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom† (Baslor). These wise words of Abraham Linco ln cleared the way of a desolate trail of violence and pain, yet he was determined to accomplish his plansRead MoreWhat Defines Us as Americans894 Words   |  4 Pagesas Americans Over the years there have been many events that have taken place. These events not only affected the people and the world of the present at that time, but also the future and even the way things are today. Knowing this we must ask ourselves what defines us as Americans? There are series of events that all together add up to define us as Americans such as, the Constitution, Westward Expansion, and the Civil War and Reconstruction. What do you think defines us as Americans? Read MoreReconstruction And The Rights Of Former Slaves. In The998 Words   |  4 PagesReconstruction and the Rights of Former Slaves In the 1860s the United States was a nation that had been ripped apart by the Civil War and left in torn pieces. The war left many white southerners stripped of their slaves, land, and in destroyed towns with little to eat. The only people worse off than the white southerners at this point in history were the black southerners who had nothing to their names but the freedom they had recently been granted which left them penniless and searching for aRead MoreThe Civil War Was A Grave Cause Of Many Events. Many People1663 Words   |  7 PagesThe civil war was a grave cause of many events. Many people may see the results of the war as a chain reaction to many following eras. One of the most prominent eras that emerged from the civil war was the reconstruction era. The reconstruction era emerged around 1865 and continued until 1877. This time period generally refers to the time in United States history in which the federal government set the conditions that would allow the rebellious S outhern states back into the Union. The States wereRead MoreReconstruction Of The Civil War1108 Words   |  5 PagesAmerica’s Mindset Although the end of the Civil War and the beginning of the Reconstruction brought great hope to America’s four million former slaves, the efforts of Congressional Reconstruction ultimately failed to establish equal rights for the freedmen because the racist mindset still dominated American society at the time and Democratic influence steadily overcame Republican control in Congress. Despite the Union’s victory, the end of the Civil War brought many significant national problemsRead MoreThe American Civil War1418 Words   |  6 PagesGuns fired, smoke lingering in the air, people dying. The American Civil War had a huge impact on the United States. Two compromises took place before the start of the Civil War. These compromises include the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850. The Missouri Compromise dealt with the crisis in 1819 over Missouri entering the Union as a slave state. The compromise was â€Å"the first major crisis over slavery, and it shattered a tacit agreement between the two regions that had been in placeRead MoreThe Shaping Of Our Country1092 Words   |  5 Pagesthe major pivot points that occurred consists of: Jeffersonian democracy, Jacksonian democracy, Civil War/Reconstruction, Revolution/Constitution. However one of them happened to be the most impacting which was the Civil War and Reconstruction. The American Civil War occurred during 1861 to 1865, lasting only five years. America’s bloodiest clash resulting in the death of approximately 620,000 Americans and millions more were injured. In the spring of 1861, the north and south began to rise intoRead MoreFjkhgk1491 Words   |  6 Pagesvigorous Reconstruction measures held that| A)|although particular southerners had erred, the Union itself had endured through the Civil War.| B)|the Reconstruction process outlined in the Constitution should be closely followed.| C)|the president had sole responsibility for Reconstruction.| D)|the Confederate states, by seceding and making war against the United States, lost their status as states and should now be treated as conquered territories.| 2.|The First Reconstruction Act| A)|recognized

Cafe yumm Free Essays

It is not intended to serve as sources of primary data or illustrations of effective or ineffective management . Let’s assume that it is currently October of 2011 and you are exploring the opportunity of becoming a Caf © Yumm! franchisee by opening a Caf © Yumm! near the I-JO campus on E13th street. Alternatively, you can open a Caf © Yumm! in downtown (two blocks from the LDT). We will write a custom essay sample on Cafe yumm or any similar topic only for you Order Now For the downtown location, you face the following uncertainty: the city plans to build a huge office and apartment complex (with estimated 100,000 square feet office space and 150 apartments). The city will vote to make final decision in a year from today. If the project is approved by the city, the construction will take a year (starts this month next year and ends a year after that). You estimate the probability of the approval of the project by the city is 75%. To evaluate the franchise opportunity with Caf © Yumm! , you start to collect info as below. For both the I-JO and the downtown locations, you have the following estimates of the expenses to become a part of the Caf © Yumm! : Franchise fee: $35,000. This is one-time charge, paid to Caf © Yumm!. Advertising osts: between 1% and 2% of the gross sales paid to Caf © Yumm! n annually basis; currently 1. 5% of the gross sales. You will pay the advertising cost by the end of each year. Service fee: 6% of the gross sales paid to Caf © Yumm! by the end of each year. For the I-JO location, you estimate that the initial investment is $350,000. That includes the remodeling cost and the first-year rent which is $6,000 per month for this 1,200 square feet restaurant space. The le ase of the restaurant space will be guaranteed for the next seven years. The rent, however, is expected to vary every year. The rent will be paid by the end of each year. From the opportunity analysis, your estimate other expenses and sales for the I-JO location are as follows: Expenses and Sales Labor Cost Non-labor Fixed Cost (Equipment lease, utility, insurance, and other miscellaneous costs Cost of Food ; Service Sales per $250,000 $36,000 $185,000 For the downtown location, you have the following choice depending on if the city approves the construction of the new office and apartment complex: Choice A: Rent a 1,500 square feet facility now The initial investment: $500,000. That includes the remodeling cost and the first-year ent which is $15,000 per month for this 1,500 square feet restaurant space. The lease of the restaurant space will be a seven-year agreement (early termination and sub-rental are not allowed). The rent, however, is expected to increase to $20,000 per month after the new office and apartment complex is built (if the project is approved). The rent will be paid by the end of each year. Estimated labor cost, cost of food and service, and sales: the same as those of the I-JO location before the new office and apartment complex is built; two times of those of the I-JO location after the ew office and apartment complex is built (assume that if the new complex is not built, the estimated numbers will remain unchanged). Estimated non-labor fixed costs: $4,500 per month. The number will increase to $6,500 after the new complex is built. Choice B: First rent a 1,000 square feet facility now; if the new office and apartment complex is approved by the city, you have the option to expend the rental space to a total 1,500 square feet (by contracting the next door rental space – the only way to expand the space in downtown area). The probability of the availability of that dditional 500 square feet space in this month next year is 80%. In addition, you estimate that the probability of the availability of that additional 500 square feet space after the new office and apartment complex is built is 0%. For this Choice B, you estimate The initial investment now: That includes the remodeling cost and t year rent which is $10,000 per month for this 1,000 square feet restaurant space. If you get the additional 500 square feet space, the remodeling cost is $200,000. The monthly rent for the total 1,500 space is $20,000. Estimated labor cost, cost of food nd service, and sales: 75% of those of the I-JO location before the new office and apartment complex is built; 125% of those of the I-JO location after the new office and apartment complex is built if no expansion is performed; two times of those of the I-JO location after the new office and apartment complex is built if the expansion is performed. Estimated non-labor fixed costs: $4,000 per month for the 1,000 square feet facility and $6,500 per month for the 1,500 square feet facility. You currently don’t have any cash to start and run the business. You need to borrow oney to pay the initial investment and the franchise fee. You have two alternative ways to raise capital: Bank Option: The money can be financed from a Portland-based ABC bank at the annual compound rate: Wall Street Journal Prime Rate + 12%. If you loan from the ABC bank, there is no monthly payment. However, you must prepare one check to pay off your loan (principal plus interests) at the end of the seventh year. Early payoff is not allowed. Partnership Option: As an alternative, a local investment firm offers you the following financial â€Å"partnership† opportunity. Under the partnership agreement, the firm would rovide you all the cash needed to start the business (initial investment including all remodeling costs, and the franchise fee). In exchange for this, the firm would receive 80% of all your net profit at the end of the seventh year (if there is any). How to cite Cafe yumm, Papers

Generally means society Essay Example For Students

Generally means society Essay The inspector interrogates each family member differently to ascertain his information; this shows that he has good interpersonal skills to persuade the Birling family to reveal what they know to the audience. For example, he uses a considerably more respectful tone with Mr Birling, frequently adding, Sir at the end of the sentences directed at him:  Thank you sir  And  Yes sir  This could be to lure him into to a false sense of security, so he will inevitably be caught off guard at some point. This method is effective because Mr. Birling is generally arrogant and demands a respectful approach.  When the inspector questions Sheila, his tone changes substantially. Additionally, do his methods of interrogation; he tells her of the desperate situation. No work, no money coming in, and living in lodgings, with no relatives to help her, few friends, lonely, half starved, she was feeling desperate  He does this to make Sheila empathise emotionally with Eva. He then tells her how Eva is taken on at Millwards,  She was taken on in a shop-a good shop too-Milwards  Now that Sheila has emotionally empathised with Eva and her situation, she will inevitably, apprehend some sort of impassioned parallelism to it, this meaning, in the event of hearing a positive twist to Evas tale, it is feasible that Sheila will indeed undergo an emotional alteration to a positive state of mind, which, evidently, takes place. Yes, she was lucky to get taken on at Milwards  -She declares. Now the inspector can take full advantage of this mood transition, by revealing that she was responsible for Evas firing from Milwards.  As the dark and emotionally reinforced realisation sweeps over Sheila, she becomes upset, and, as a result, easy to extract information from. This indicates that the inspectors role, when he interrogates Sheila, is to use her own emotions against her, so that she has no choice but to reveal the entire sequence of events, leading to Evas eventual firing. Shelias attitude toward the whole situation reveals that in the middle class the younger generation are more impressionable and open-minded in cases where, the general ideals of middle class society are tested.  The inspector uses Mrs. Birling to reveal the information about Evas plea to her organisation. After this he sets up a well-placed trap that Mrs. Birling unwitting and unavoidably falls into, he asks her who was to blame for Evas suicide:  Who is to blame then?  At first she replies:  First, the girl herself  Then she goes on to say:  Secondly I blame to young man. When the inspector hears this, he quickly delves deeper into this comment by following it up with a further question enquiring into this boy and whether it would be acceptable for him to steal this money:  And if her story was true- that he was stealing money  Every time the inspector does this, he is, in essence, digging the pit fall deeper and deeper for Mrs. Birling, as she herself unknowingly passes negative judgement on her own son to the point of declaring that he should:  Confess in public his responsibility. When the inspector uses this method he provides a link to the audience and the events in the play. This is because the viewers are already aware of Erics involvement with Eva, and so too is the Inspector, but, without a doubt, Mrs. Birling is totally unaware of this fact. This means that the audience can relate their knowledge of Eric to that of the inspectors, and in doing so, a tenuous bond between the two is created; which may increase the emotional and moral effectiveness of the inspectors final speech. Mrs. Birlings reaction to Evas dire case may suggest that society at that time was, (although willing to start organisations for help) unwilling to assist people who they didnt take to their liking, which renders the whole organisation a mere front that boasts facilitation for people who genuinely need it, but when it comes down to it, they are, indeed, quite self-important (to the extent that they had no time for the lower classes) and pathetic, which generally means society was selectively helpful and ignorantly self-obsessed.

Cancer Ward Review Essay Example

Cancer Ward Review Paper Essay on Cancer Ward Reading the book Solzhenitsyns Cancer Ward, I did not consider this work through the prism of the Soviet past. I was most worried about people who appeared in a medical institution, in the same hospital room. Just think, 13 Corps. What is it? Taunt fate? Traps for superstitious? People who are not by hearsay know about cancer can imagine what happens when health, just seemingly in the hands, burst like a soap bubble, leaving in the hands of only a ephemeral ghost We will write a custom essay sample on Cancer Ward Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Cancer Ward Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Cancer Ward Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer in this situation, there is one way out -.. believe in a miracle  «As neither would laugh were working miracles, yet strong, healthy and blagodenstvuem, but if life is so jammed, so flattened that only a miracle can save us, we believe that the only exceptional miracle believe  » And since. AET believe in him and 16-year-old man Domka and informer (he is the head of the frame) Rusanov and geologist Vadim Zatsyrko, and even stubborn and headstrong Oleg Kostoglotov. kopnesh deeper and it becomes clear that each of them has lost the goal, which gave him an extra incentive: the game of football, the opportunity to do things you love, consider yourself a free man, or even proactive (as Rusanov):  «Rusanovs been all my life men of action, initiatives and people only occurred initiative of peace of mind  ». and K Ali one brick and then the building of human life deteriorated, lost his balance, ready to emerge as a house of cards, burying most importantly hope How terrible that prescribe them to die on the will and so. wild, that many of them go nowhere, that their faces are gradually erased, leaving a trail only in the personal file and in the dying statistics. Do not judge me too harshly for such an emotional text, I find it difficult to write about this book quietly.

Chinese Tourism in Victoria

Chinese Tourism in Victoria Executive Summary This field study is about tourism in Victoria. It focuses on the experiences, challenges and issues that require improving to enhance the visitors’ satisfaction. A qualitative research was carried out on three focus groups that included tourism agencies, Chinese immigrants and students. The researcher used interviews to collect data.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Chinese Tourism in Victoria specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The study revealed that language barrier is the primary cause of the problems that the Chinese visitors encounter in Victoria. The main limitation was that the participants were unable to respond to the questionnaire because of the language barrier. The study recommends that tourism agencies create websites that translate English to Chinese for easy understanding. Introduction China is the most populous nation in the world. Therefore, it is the nation with the majority i mmigrants in Canada. Cultural and language differences between the two countries are the primary cause of the problems that Chinese tourists experience in Victoria. The problems render the majority of Chinese tourists being less satisfied as compared with other tourists in the region. Hence, this research aims to find out the possible solutions that can enhance satisfaction of the Chinese visitors who tour Victoria on a regular basis (Poy and Cao 56). Tourism is one of the sources of economic revenue for most economies in the contemporary world. Hence, there is a reason for states that rely on tourism to uphold cultural differences that exist among people from different ethnic backgrounds. Promoting cultural differences attract potential tourists. Because China is the most populated nation in the world and has the fastest growing middle-income population, every nation that values tourism sector should have policies that can attract Chinese tourists. The policies should be modified t o mitigate challenges that often face visitors due to cultural and language differences. Every person wishes to feel loved and valued. Thus, there is a need to address the challenges that the Chinese visitors encounter and look for permanent solutions. Background Chinese tourists have been experiencing numerous challenges whenever they visit Canada, and in particular Victoria. The large number of Chinese immigrants in Canada attracts many tourists from China every year. Hence, Canada has the benefit of getting visitors from China compared to other countries in the world except the United States. The United States has the majority of Chinese immigrants in the world. However, there are major cultural and language differences between the two countries. Cultural and language differences contribute to the problems that Chinese tourists encounter during their expeditions. Canada is a multicultural economy. Thus, there are no definite cultural heritages and norms. The majority of the Canad ians have mixed cultural backgrounds. Indeed, the Canadians have adopted a non-cultural lifestyle where they have less or no attachment to cultural norms (Scott and Laws 98).Advertising Looking for report on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the other hand, Chinese are firmly attached to their cultural heritage. Consequently, they have difficulties in adapting a non-cultural lifestyle. Some basic norms such as greetings and recognition of age differences have an immense effect to a Chinese. Such norms have less or no impact to a Canadian. However, there is nothing that can be done to rectify that problem. As a result, the Chinese tourists should be prepared to encounter issues that contravene their cultural norms in Canada and view them as inoffensive. Language barrier is a major concern for both the Chinese and Canadians. A few Canadians know the Chinese language. Conversely, a few Chinese un derstand English. Since the two countries rely heavily on each other for tourism, efforts should be made to mitigate the language barrier as a way to enhance tourists’ satisfaction. In Shanghai, tourists who understand English encounter a few problems since directions, signs, and billboards are written in both Chinese and English languages (Conrady and Buck 93). It would be difficult to write billboards and signs in both Chinese and English in Canada. Canada has a multi-cultural population with different native languages. Nonetheless, it is imperative to use both English and Chinese in Victoria where the majority of Chinese tourists often visit. Alternatively, a study should be conducted to establish areas where most Chinese tourists prefer visiting. Moreover, effort should be made to ensure that servers who understand the Chinese language serve the visitors. Also, there is a need to address the social issues that contribute to tourists’ dissatisfaction. They include t ransport and hospitality issues. In Canada, the principal mode of public transport is the bus. The Chinese use trains and cabs. Hence, it would be imperative to have signs on the buses that guide tourists on how the buses operate. The signs should be written in Chinese to ensure that the tourists manoeuvre without difficulties. On the other hand, hotels should have staff members that are fluent in Chinese and capable of offering hospitality services to foreign visitors. Process/Methodology The purpose of this study is to improve the experience of Chinese tourists in Victoria. As aforementioned, the methodology for this study was designed in such a way that it would enable the researcher to get information from three focus groups. The first group comprised the travel agencies that are located in Victoria and Vancouver.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Chinese Tourism in Victoria specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The r esearcher issued questionnaires to ten travel companies in Victoria and three in Vancouver. The three travel agencies that operate in Vancouver are managed by the Chinese. Consequently, they served as suitable sources of information about the Chinese tourists. The questionnaires were structured in a manner that would help the researcher to get information about who visit Victoria, the objective of the visit, and the activities the tourists engage in when in the region. Also, information about the activities of each agency was collected to enable the researcher to understand how travel companies attract clients as well as the number of visitors that they serve. The interview also focused on client experience, common complaints, and the approach that the travel agencies use to handle the complaints. The busy schedule hampered efforts to get Chinese tourists participate in interviews. As a result, the researcher had to choose international students and immigrants as the participants. T he intention was to get information about their first experience in Canada and how it has changed over time with respect to language barrier and foreign travel policies. The researcher found it important to include literature review in the methodology. Nevertheless, it was exigent because there were no study materials on the research problem. The researcher contacted students from Royal Roads who were pursuing a course in Tourism Management and requested for research works, which could be relevant and useful for literature review purposes. The literature review had credible theories about challenges that the Chinese tourists face in Victoria. Hence, it formed the theoretical backbone for the study. After analysing the results, it was established that Chinese tourists encounter ethnic problems in Victoria. The problems are attributed to historical experiences. Victoria serves as the capital of British Columbia and has strong connection to China since it was the harbour for internatio nal trade during and after the colonial period. For this reason, Chinese tourists view it as an extension of international relations. However, the nature of the business that created strong connection between China and Victoria has significantly changed. The residents of Victoria do not consider themselves obligated to accord special hospitality to Chinese tourists. Therefore, the tourists exaggerate the problem upon seeing the locals as unwelcoming, which is not the case in the real terms.Advertising Looking for report on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Consequently, the researchers spotlight switched from exploring challenges that affect the Chinese tourists in particular to a more generalised case. The researcher opted to concentrate on the challenges that affect tourists from other cultural and ethnic backgrounds. Above all, visitors encounter similar problems even though ethnic relations are given less attention. Results According to the research, the results show that the Chinese tourists face numerous challenges in Victoria. The majority of the interviewees indicated that they were attracted to Victoria because of fascinating views. However, they said that they sought information about sightseeing before deciding to come to Victoria. The information was derived from the answers given for the first two questions in the questionnaire. The information was necessary in arriving at the conclusion. All the tourists agreed that Victoria has beautiful sceneries for tourism. Therefore, the primary reason the Chinese tourists choose Vi ctoria over other destinations is due to its scenic beauty. Chinese tourists consider the sightseeing data as the most critical information that one should have before visiting Victoria. Hence, they end up encountering numerous challenges such as those that arise from cultural shock, transport inconveniences, entertainment, and residence dissatisfactions. As aforesaid, Victoria has a large number of Chinese immigrants who play a significant role in promoting tourism in Canada. They do so by inviting their families and friends for tourism expeditions in Canada. Indeed, the majority of the interviewees said that they got information about Victoria from either their family members or friends residing in Victoria. Hence, the reason for the absence of Chinese travels agencies in Victoria despite the region having a vast population of Chinese immigrants. From the above information, it emerged that the travel agencies lack websites that can translate English to Chinese because most tourist s do not bother to seek the assistance. The absence of the websites is not a scheme to ignore the visitors as it has been the assumption. From the questionnaire, it was discovered that the majority of the interviewees said that they preferred the Chinese restaurants. A few participants said that they preferred restaurants that served Western delicacies. Those who preferred the Chinese restaurants said that they encountered problems associated with language barrier since there were no Chinese-speaking servers (Bowerman 24). Hence, one can come up with the assumption that majority of Chinese tourists are conservative. As a result, they do not want to experience other cultural delicacies. However, the restaurants that offer Chinese foods do not have policies that enable them to hire servers who are fluent in Chinese language to enhance the quality of services they offer to tourists (Martin and Nakayama 128). Besides lacking Chinese-speaking servers, there are no Chinese posters or sign s that guide the tourists. Hence, it becomes tough for the tourists to communicate with the residents as well as understand what they should do in the course of their tourism expedition. The majority of interviewees choose buses as the convenient means of transport. The interviewees confided that they could not hire cars because of difficulties in reading road signs and traffic rules. Worst still, the coaches lacked Chinese signs to help them understand what they should do for the driver to stop the bus whenever they need to disembark. The study concluded that language and cultural barriers are the leading causes of dissatisfaction to the Chinese tourists in Victoria (Nyà ­ri 98). The visitors do not take the time to learn a language that can help them to communicate with the locals. Instead, they want the locals to know the Chinese language. Also, there is little that has been done to make Victoria a hospitable environment for Chinese tourists because of the language barrier. Futu re Focus/Limitations As stated earlier, the efforts to get Chinese tourists to participate in the interview were hampered by their busy schedule. Hence, it was not possible to get information from the tourists themselves. Also, it was challenging to make the interviewees understand the questions because of the language barrier. As a result, the researcher had to seek the help of another individual who was fluent in Chinese. The biggest challenge that the researcher encountered in the course of the study was a task to remain impartial to the participants. However, it was difficult to stay neutral after learning that Chinese tourists experience a lot of problems in Victoria because they expect the Victorians to understand their language. The researcher discovered that the Chinese do not bother learning English, which is the official language in Canada. Hence, the conclusion was that Chinese tourists experience problems in Victoria because of self-inflicted problems. The future study s hould focus on how to encourage the Chinese visitors to enrol for English lessons to ensure that they communicate effectively with the local Canadians. Recommendations The research found language barrier as the cause of the problems that the Chinese tourists face. Hence, the more confined a tourist is to the language barrier the more s/he is confined to cultural barriers. It underlines the reason most visitors choose Chinese restaurants. Therefore, the research recommends that the Chinese tourists take the time to study a foreign language to have basic communication skills when they get to foreign nations. Also, the study recommends that there be measures to enhance the satisfaction of Chinese tourists in Victoria by ensuring that restaurants that offer Chinese delicacies have servers who are fluent in Chinese language. The bus should have Chinese labels to enhance transport services in Victoria. It would be significant to note that Victoria is the leading destination for Chinese to urists in Canada. Therefore, there should be measures to mitigate the language barrier that tourists encounter. These measures should address issues such as the installation of Chinese signs in places where tourists are fond of visiting to help them understand basic things. It would also be important for the travel agencies to install language interpreter programs in their websites to enable Chinese tourists to understand the information from the website. Bowerman, Gary. The New Chinese Traveler: Business Opportunities from the Chinese Travel Revolution, London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. Print. Conrady, Roland, and M. Buck. Trends and Issues in Global Tourism 2011, New York: Springer Science Business Media, 2011. Print. Martin, Judith, and T. Nakayama. Intercultural Communication in Contexts, San Francisco: McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2012. Print. Nyà ­ri, Pl. Scenic Spots: Chinese Tourism, the State, and Cultural Authority, Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2011. Print. Poy, Vivienne, and H. Cao. The China Challenge: Sino-Canadian Relations in the 21st Century, Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, 2011. Print. Scott, Noel, and E. Laws. Knowledge Sharing and Quality Assurance in Hospitality and Tourism, Montreal: Routledge, 2013. Print.

Middle East Militarization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Middle East Militarization - Essay Example The whole concept of militarization in Iran brought its own doomsday. Though there has been many international arms control process and there has been numerous discussions on the weapons of mass destruction-free zones in the Middle East, the key powers in the province have seen biological, radiological, chemical, and nuclear arsenal as means of power. The same holds true for the long-range rocket systems, like missiles. Iran has been quite aggressive towards the United States since fundamental, spiritual forces overthrew the administration in 1979. Iran is primarily an Islamic Republic which has ties with the Soviet Union, from whom it purchases most of its military arsenal. However, during the 8-year Iraq-Iran war, the United States gave support to Iraqi President Saddam Hussein in order to topple the Iranian administration. And in a bizarre turn of events, the United States solicited Iran for support of Operation Desert Shield. However from the year 1987 to 1988, the U.S. warships made certain that the tankers that carried oil through the Persian Gulf had a safe passage. The U.S. forces engaged in combat with the Iranian navy and also attacked the Iranian oil sited in the Persian Gulf. The most spectacular use of the arms of mass annihilation in the Middle East took place between the years 1980-1988 during the Iran-Iraq War. Iran had an armoury of the Soviet SS-1 (Scud-B) missiles and wanted to develop their own surface-to-surface missile system. Iran had plans to purchase the Chinese M-9 missile, which has a 600-kilometer range. Iran claimed that they can manufacture their own adaptation of the SS-1. They had produced an edition of the Chinese Type 53 missile rocket, which they called the Oghab, which had a range of 40-kilometers. Iran was also building an unguided missile which they called â€Å"Iran 130†. This had a range of 130-kilometers. All these missiles are being manufactured to be custom fitted with the chemical

Definition of Human Resource Planning Literature review

Definition of Human Resource Planning - Literature review Example Few organizations implement this important process due to its time and cost implications, complexity, and inadequate support. More so, organizations often fall back on the notion that H.R.P. is an isolated process but instead it requires integrated support with its strategic business plan along with its HR activities. Therefore HR personnel does not understand the H.R.P. process. Smith et al., (2004) alludes to the notion that there are inconsistencies with support between management along with hurdles resulting in strategies to be last priority and instead focus on short term goals. Instead, the adopted short term focus f daily resource tracking is more cost-effective and simple requiring less management support as opposed to H.R.P. H.R.P. is not a process in itself alone. Succession planning is one key planning area that is taken into account to identify and track high potential employees which are suitably qualified within the organization to compete for key managerial positions in the future (De Cieri et al., 2003). Succession planning is, therefore, a subset procedure f H.R.P. ...Since succession planning involves subjecting a pool f candidates to fast track development programs, the main H.R.P. objective here is to maintain this skills pool particularly in times labor shortages in order to give the company a competitive edge. There is hence a direct relationship between H.R.P., development and succession planning, in which all f these are proactive in nature, focusing on contributing to organizational performance and productivity by minimizing disruption in filling positions which are critical during times f labor shortages (Walker, 1998). Development is, therefore,     essence in succession and H.R.P. When considering succession planning, employee development is an integral strategic process which enables knowledge, skills, and behavior to be acquired to meet job changes and client requirements in the future as opposed to training which is immediate current job improvements (De Cieri et al., 2003). Development is, therefore,     relevance since succession planning involves future orientated fast track development programs. Development programs are aimed at offsetting potential future shortages labors and hence the low skills base. Without this skills base, organizations lose their competitive advantage if development programs are not employed.

Advantages And Disadvantages of Offshore Outsourcing

Advantages And Disadvantages of Offshore Outsourcing The advantages and disadvantages of offshore outsourcing to the western countries (and workforce) and emerging-market countries(and workforce) is discussed based on the context of Western countries outsourcing a part of their business process to vendors primarily from developing countries like China, India, Indonesia, Philippines etc. ADVANTAGES OF OFFSHORE OUTSOURCING TO WESTERN COMPANIES AND WORKFORCE IN WESTERN COUNTRIES Offshore outsourcing benefits the outsourcer to have an edge over the other competitors in terms of cost reduction, increased productivity and profits by relegating some of its functions to other countries third part contractors and concentrating mainly on their core business (Bahrami 2009). The exploiting of geographical location advantages such as low cost (lower prices for input), availability and quality of resources, larger pool of skilled labours, transportation costs, trade restrictions creates a repositories of valuable rents thus enhancing productivity(Bahrami 2009; Bunyaratavej 2008; Gereffi 2005; Prola 2004). Wells Fargo VISA,a US based company uses contact centres of Mahindra-Satyam, India to make marketing calls to their potential customers in Seattle due to availability of inexpensive labour, abundance of educated English-speaking workforce and government incentives. Philips, Dell, Motorola are buying digital device designs completely from Asian developers. Both these examples are in consistency with the RBV (Resource based view) which suggests that the competitive edge for the firm is gained through maximization of the long-term profits by developing and exploiting resources (Javalgi 2009). The flexible labour laws and time zone difference in developing countries helps to speed up the business process by employees working round the clock in various shifts. The U.S companies like Dell, American Express and Eastman Kodak offer 24/7 customer care services by outsourcing such services to developing countries like India. According to Edwards (1998), cited in Bahrami (2009), by offloading a part of the repetitive business processes to the emerging market workforce, the skilled labour in the western labour pool gets an opportunity to be innovative and hone managerial techniques which helps in productive utilisation of resources thus leading to the profitability of the company. The workforce in western countries who would have lost their job to foreign vendors are trained and reallocated to an advanced level of working which in turn helps in developing new skills and techniques contributing to an improved set of domestic resources (Kedia and Mukherjee 2009). DISADVANTAGES OF OFFSHORE OUTSOURCING TO WESTERN COMPANIES AND WORKFORCE IN WESTERN COUNTRIES There is a misconception that offshore outsourcing to low wage countries reduce cost because of cheap labour. According to UNCTAD (2005),in some cases considering hidden costs like taxes, duties, management attention, communication and co-ordination expenses etc,the venture turns out to be expensive. The geographical distance and cultural differences act as a barrier for clients to monitor the quality of suppliers work. This can be resolved to an extent if a manager from the western company keeps visiting the vendor location in person (Khan et al. 2003; UNCTAD 2005). It has been recognised by Javalgi (2009) that the absence of global laws or enforcement about intellectual property rights and privacy laws acts as a major threat to the outsourcer companies. The confidential data of outsourcers are at risk in developing countries where these laws are not strictly enforced. When Taiwans BenQ was given a contract by Motorola for designing and manufacturing mobile phones, Ben Q violated the contract and created its own brand and Market in China for selling mobile phones (Bahrami 2009). As a measure to avoid such fraudulent cases Khan (2003) suggests joint venture between the outsourcer and overseas supplier as an option which binds the supplier to handle their customers data with utmost care as the supplier will also be a partner in this case. The loss of western country jobs to foreign providers might lead to negative publicity of the company. Examples about the accusation faced by the US companies like Dell, IBM, City Group for exporting jobs overseas leading to job losses in the USA (Hill 2007, cited in Bahrami 2005) demonstrates this issue. The unethical practices followed by suppliers will have an impact on the reputation of western companies. Nike and Adidas being criticized by the media because of their Indonesias supplier sweatshops poor workplace standards attracted negative publicity and thus reduced sales. To avoid such issues, companies are now taking precautionary measures like initiatives to improve existing poor conditions and also signing contract only with ethical suppliers. For companies involved in outsourcing their engineering and design technologies overseas, keeping abreast with current technological developments will be very difficult since the company will not be directly involved in the process which might lead to diminishing value of the firms competitive advantage, level of expertise and competencies (Kotabe1998, cited in Kotabe and Mudambi 2009).For example, General Electrics (US based company) heavy dependency on Samsung (South Korean Company) for manufacturing its Microwaves ultimately led to the success of Samsung in the same field(Javalgi 2009). Western companies management might benefit in terms of cost reduction by sub-contracting its work to an emerging market country firm, on the flip side it puts a tremendous amount of pressure on their own workforce due to replacement with the equally skilled lower wage overseas employees and also builds an intense competition as they will be competing with the global workforce (Shao and David 2007). The labour force sustainability in any economy is inter-dependent. If technologists for IT activities are outsourced, even the Human resource personnel and other support jobs become redundant in the home country (Shao and David 2007). During 2003 400,000 US jobs have already gone offshore (Ford 2003).This job shift impacts all sectors of western workforce. Also the older western workers failing to acquire new skills or failing to search for alternate jobs would leave the workforce and become a financial burden to the society (Bahrami 2009). ADVANTAGES OF OFFSHORE OUTSOURCING TO EMERGING MARKET COMPANIES AND WORKFORCE IN EMERGING MARKET COUNTRIES New business opportunities available to emerging market companies puts them in limelight and aids in global recognition by being a part of global commodity chain which would attract more clients and hence enhance its reputation. For example, Tata consultancy Services, Infosys and Wipro are the top three India based information service companies which have carved their niche in the global market mainly by serving US clients. The services offered by emerging market companies are expected to be of high standards to match requirements of western companies and to rope in new customers. Hence quality and capability standards of the labour pool (i.e. language, computer skills etc.) will be improved not just to match the requirements but also to attract Multi-national companies from other countries. The stimulation of growth and starting of local vendors due to new company establishments would increase the infrastructure, availability of human resource jobs and also the job opportunities and wages thus improving standards of living in developing countries (Farrel et al. 2006). DISADVANTAGES OF OFFSHORE OUTSOURCING TO EMERGING MARKET COMPANIES AND WORKFORCE IN EMERGING MARKET COUNTRIES Emerging market companies heavily relying on offshore clients for their survival will have its profitability entwined with the western economic and political stability and hence will be affected when there is fluctuation in foreign currency rates or any political instability (Birou and Fawcett 1993; Huchzermeier and Cohen 1996; Cho and Kang 2001; Kouvelis 1999; Chopra and Sodhi 2004, cited in Canbolat et al. 2008). For example, credit-crunch during 2008 had an adverse effect on all the globally spread companies dependent on the US market. The strong market players might overexploit their offshore suppliers through their high bargaining power. Wal-Mart, the US retailer, approximately subcontracts 6000 global suppliers and 80% are from China which imposes strong buyer power on its china suppliers by setting price for some of the products they buy (PBS-Frontline- Is_Walmart_Good_for_America.mpg). The cultural and linguistic barriers might pose as a problem to communicate and co-ordinate effectively for both the western companies and the developing world companies. The cream of the workforce will be lured and employed to work for the benefit of the companies of developing countries which would lead to enclaved development and international brain drain'(Kobrin 1999) thus widening the economic gap in the society. The offshore outsourcing business is a dynamic and highly competitive strategy. India, which once had the highest number of contact centre jobs, is recently being out paced by Philippines.The Philippines now leads India in call-centre jobs, employing 350,000 compared with Indias 330,000 (Yun and Chu 2011).Replacement of the low wage outsourced vendors due to automation also poses as a threat to emerging market workforce (UNCTAD 2005). The effect of polarization, dualism and geographical isolation would lead to unequal distribution of wealth amongst the developing countys workforce (Kobrin 1999). Like anti-globalists argue, offshore outsourcing (contributor to the process of globalization) benefits only to those developing countries with a comparative advantage to thrive economically and the others remain neglected. This is the same with respect to the workforce in fewer cities of a country enjoying the limelight and the others being left out. Bangalore and other metropolitan cities in case of India and Shangai in China which are the hotbed for offshore outsourcers enjoy top class services and amenities while the majority of the rural workforce of India and China still faces issues like unemployment and poverty. CONCLUSION Offshore outsourcing can be a win-win situation for both western and emerging market countries if a balance between capitalizing the benefits and adopting measures to counteract the drawback is achieved. The international divisions of labour on a global scale which is the result of the capitalist-world system(Gereffi 2009) can lead to what Amable(2000, p.656), cited in(Gereffi 2009) describes as institutional complementarily i.e. Multilateral reinforcement mechanism between institutional arrangements the existence of western companies facilitating the existence of the vendors in developing countries and vice versa.

Organisation Structure Essay

The structure is totally centralized. The strategic leader makes all key decisions and most communication is done by one on one conversations. It is particularly useful for new (entrepreneurial) business as it enables the founder to control growth and development. They are usually based on traditional domination or charismatic domination in the sense of Max Weber’s tripartite classification of authority. [edit] Bureaucratic structures Weber (1948, p. 214) gives the analogy that â€Å"the fully developed bureaucratic mechanism compares with other organizations exactly as does the machine compare with the non-mechanical modes of production. Precision, speed, unambiguity, †¦ strict subordination, reduction of friction and of material and personal costs- these are raised to the optimum point in the strictly bureaucratic administration. †[5] Bureaucratic structures have a certain degree of standardization. They are better suited for more complex or larger scale organizations. They usually adopt a tall structure. Then tension between bureaucratic structures and non-bureaucratic is echoed in Burns and Stalker[6] distinction between mechanistic and organic structures. It is not the entire thing about bureaucratic structure. It is very much complex and useful for hierarchical structures organization, mostly in tall organizations. [edit] Post-bureaucratic The term of post bureaucratic is used in two senses in the organizational literature: one generic and one much more specific [7]. In the generic sense the term post bureaucratic is often used to describe a range of ideas developed since the 1980s that specifically contrast themselves with Weber’s ideal type bureaucracy. This may include total quality management, culture management and matrix management, amongst others. None of these however has left behind the core tenets of Bureaucracy. Hierarchies still exist, authority is still Weber’s rational, legal type, and the organization is still rule bound. Heckscher, arguing along these lines, describes them as cleaned up bureaucracies [8], rather than a fundamental shift away from bureaucracy. Gideon Kunda, in his classic study of culture management at ‘Tech’ argued that ‘the essence of bureaucratic control – the formalisation, codification and enforcement of rules and regulations – does not change in principle†¦.. it shifts focus from organizational structure to the organization’s culture’. Another smaller group of theorists have developed the theory of the Post-Bureaucratic Organization. [8], provide a detailed discussion which attempts to describe an organization that is fundamentally not bureaucratic. Charles Heckscher has developed an ideal type, the post-bureaucratic organization, in which decisions are based on dialogue and consensus rather than authority and command, the organization is a network rather than a hierarchy, open at the boundaries (in direct contrast to culture management); there is an emphasis on meta-decision making rules rather than decision making rules. This sort of horizontal decision making by consensus model is often used in housing cooperatives, other cooperatives and when running a non-profit or community organization. It is used in order to encourage participation and help to empower people who normally experience oppression in groups. Still other theorists are developing a resurgence of interest in complexity theory and organizations, and have focused on how simple structures can be used to engender organizational adaptations.

Natural food and drink industry Essay

Executive Summary The all natural food and drink industry is relatively new, it has emerged as part of the clean label trend and is seen as an alternative to the organic products or products labeled as â€Å"free-from†. The global all natural food and drink market has shown a steady growth during the last few years and is expected to grow due to rising demands for healthy, nutritional, natural foods and drinks without chemicals and artificial ingredients. Growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of about 35% annually, Indian non-carbonated drink market is likely to touch Rs. 54,000 crore by 2015 from the current level of Rs. 22,000 crore including fruit drinks, nectars and juices etc. Our company J-GAPS started in 2014 thereby tapping this potential in the Indian market had come up with a natural flavored drink segment in terms of coconut water with Kewra and Mint with the product named SIPCO in order to revive freshness. This could be seen as great opportunity in Maharashtra near the Konkan region where the natural source of tender coconut could be fully utilized to provide healthy natural beverage to people. The financial assistance is catered by coconut development board in terms of 50% cost of production. The vision of our company is to provide a natural drink to the consumer so as to improve their health in a fast paced lifestyle. Identifying the gap in this market through market analysis especially in terms of coconut water wherein there are hardly tetra packs available in order to make it convenient for people to have the nutritional drink without carrying the hard husk. The main drivers of introducing such a natural beverage includes rising consumer concerns regarding artificial ingredients, artificially introduced hormones and genetically modified products, and their awareness of the long term health benefits of natural food and good nutrition thereby having a lifestyle of health and sustainability (LOHAS). We therefore see ahead a great potential in this market as GEN – Y would be the most prominent segment to be tapped in order to sustain in the market and thereby expand our presence in India. 1. Current Marketing Situation 1.1 Industry overview The Indian packaged tender coconut water is still an industry in its development phase. There exist a very few players in this market. J-GAPS  aims to position its product in the general market where exist players like Pepsi, Coca cola, Parle agro foods etc. who are major players in the soft drink segment. The emerging trend among consumers to go for healthy and natural food products will drive this industry. Coconut water is a fruit juice with many unique features and a major one is a low calorie content .This makes it a very attractive prospect for weight management positioned juices. 1.2 Company description J-GAPS will primarily engage in extracting, processing and adding flavors to tender coconut water which is then ready to be delivered to stores. It is a privately held firm will be located in Ratnagiri in the state of Maharashtra .We have identified a location which is closer to the coconut farms. J-GAPS sources the tender coconut for its requirements from its own farms and also additionally from other farmers directly. Our processing unit has a capacity of processing liters water annually. 1.3 Market analysis- Tender flavored coconut water is recommended for people of all ages. With the consumers turning health conscious and preferring natural products, we believe that our product has a strong market both in domestic circles and in countries abroad. Our main target customer is the young generations who have a fancy for energy drinks. We also target sport persons with our special energy pack. We want to make our drink available for homes, offices, hospitals, sports persons, marriages, other occasions, hotels and restaurants. The recent studies showing the impact of aerated drinks on health has turned customer to ignore such artificially produced drinks and go for natural food drinks. The rising population will require larger amount of food drinks. Our product will be a natural thirst quencher with added flavor of Kewra essence in it which will be beneficial during the long summer months. 1.4 Major Segmentation Approach 1.5 PESTLE Analysis The Pestle Analysis identifies the political, economic, social, technological, legal and ecological influences on an organization. Political factors Various political factors affect the fruit juice industry. With the change of government the policies regulating the industry might change. As the taxation policy keeps changing, it has a significant effect on fruit juice industry. The government plans of encouraging foreign direct investments would affect our industry highly as organized fruit juice industry has only 3 % share as of now in the market but with FDIs it could increase significantly by coming of bigger players. Economic factors Our company would rely on trucks to move our raw materials to the processing plant and distribute our finished product so, fuel is also an important subject, so the company is subject to the fuel price fluctuation, and to possible fuel crisis. Since, ours is an agro based industry so we would be exposed to the risks of high prices due to crop failure, non-availability of raw material because of pest attack etc. Other economic factors affecting fruit juice industry are often linked to variability in real growth, inflation, interest rates, governmental actions and other factors. Factors like money supply, energy availability and cost, business cycles, etc. would also affect our company. Socio-cultural factors We are more than a billion strong nations and the youngest country as well. We are also home to the great Indian middle class. The major growth drivers in fruit juice market are increase in health consciousness among consumers, increase in disposable incomes and more sophisticated cocktail culture. There is more money circulating in the economy. With life becoming more hectic and tiring, consumer preferences are witnessing a visible shift towards healthy foods. Even the younger generation has started shifting from fizz to fresh and healthy. As people are becoming more and more educated, they are taking the healthy route. Technological factors Fruit juices have become big business throughout much of the developed and developing world with the increasing health conscious proportion of population. In this ever growing industry technology plays a major role in maintaining the quality and cost efficiency to generate higher profits.  Better technology can increase the shelf life of our product. Technology refers to both production process as well as machinery. Legal factors Processed fruit juices are regulated under the Food and Drugs Act and Regulations as a food product and the Consumer Packaging and Labelling Act. The Food and Drugs Act creates identity standards, provides a basis for labelling requirements and establishes the safety parameters for soft drinks. As food safety requirements become more advanced across the beverage industry, tracking and traceability capabilities are a prerequisite. Ecological factors One environmental issue that food processing companies face is waste remaining from packaging. However, the problem often lies in feasibility of collection, separation and purification of the consumers’ disposed bottles or drinks packets. Environmental issues have gained importance because of regulatory requirements. It is not possible to sell a new packaging material without covering all the environmental issues. The reduction of materials in packing cartons can potentially provide both financial and environmental benefits. . We propose to provide our product in tetra packs so that lesser damage is done to the environment in comparison to PET bottles. 2. Product review 2.1 Product features In India coconut water has always been considered as a health drink to refresh the body due to its nutritional value. Tender Coconut Water is considered the healthiest & best sports drink in the world, because it contains vitamins. It is very refreshing and rich in sugar, electrolytes and minerals – available in the natural form in most sterile conditions. It is a natural isotonic drink where the electrolyte levels are similar to those found in the human body. The water of fresh green coconuts is actually fat free. Our company keeping this factor in mind has come up with two natural flavored drink containing 1. Kewra essence which has a floral fragrance thereby providing a cooling effect in the drink. 2. Mint flavor to provide freshness and energizing flavor to the drink Chota Anna would have two variants in terms of Kewra drink and Mint drink. Kewra drink Mint drink Coconut water Coconut water Kewra essence Mint sugar honey Farm Fresh Tender Coconut are selected (50% capacity extracted) and the rest purchased from the Ratnagiri Association Coconut supplier and Natural Tender Coconut Water is squeezed out, untouched by hand and put through a special process in order to add the natural flavors of Kewra essence and Mint. The product is packed in food-grade Bottles/ Cans, which keeps it fresh for 9/18 months. The taste is natural and hence good.

Spence v. Washington (1974)

Should the government be able to prevent people from attaching symbols, words, or pictures to American flags in public? That was the question before the Supreme Court in Spence v. Washington, a case where a college student was prosecuted for publicly displaying an American flag to which he had attached large peace symbols. The Court found that Spence had a constitutional right to use the American flag to communicate his intended message, even if the government disagreed with him. Fast Facts: Spence v. Washington Case Argued: January 9, 1974Decision Issued:  June 25, 1974Petitioner: Harold Omond SpenceRespondent: State of WashingtonKey Question: Was a Washington State law criminalizing the display of a modified American flag in violation of the First and Fourteenth Amendments?Majority Decision: Justices Douglas, Stewart, Brennan, Marshall, Blackmun, and PowellDissenting: Justices Burger, White, and RehnquistRuling: The right to modify the flag was an expression of freedom of speech, and as applied, the Washington State statute was in violation of the First Amendment.   Spence v. Washington: Background In Seattle, Washington, a college student named Spence hung an American flag outside the window of his private apartment — upside down and with peace symbols attached to both sides. He was protesting violent acts by the American government, for example in Cambodia and the fatal shootings of college students at Kent State University. He wanted to associate the flag more closely with peace than war: I felt there had been so much killing and that this was not what America stood for. I felt that the flag stood for America and I wanted people to know that I thought America stood for peace. Three police officers saw the flag, entered the apartment with Spence’s permission, seized the flag, and arrested him. Although Washington state had a law banning desecration of the American flag, Spence was charged under a law banning â€Å"improper use† of the American flag, denying people the right to: Place or cause to be placed any word, figure, mark, picture, design, drawing or advertisement of any nature upon any flag, standard, color, ensign or shield of the United States or of this state ... orExpose to public view any such flag, standard, color, ensign or shield upon which shall have been printed, painted or otherwise produced, or to which shall have been attached, appended, affixed or annexed any such word, figure, mark, picture, design, drawing or advertisement... Spence was convicted after the judge told the jury that merely displaying the flag with an attached peace symbol was sufficient grounds for conviction. He was fined $75 and sentenced to 10 days in jail (suspended). The Washington Court of Appeals reversed this, declaring that the law overbroad. The Washington Supreme Court reinstated the conviction and Spence appealed to the Supreme Court. Spence v. Washington: Decision In an unsigned, per curiam decision, the Supreme Court said the Washington law â€Å"impermissibly infringed a form of protected expression.† Several factors were cited: the flag was private property, it was displayed on private property, the display did not risk any breach of peace, and finally even the state admitted that Spence was â€Å"engaged in a form of communication.† As to whether the state has an interest in preserving the flag as â€Å"an unalloyed symbol of our country,† the decision states: Presumably, this interest might be seen as an effort to prevent the appropriation of a revered national symbol by an individual, interest group, or enterprise where there was a risk that association of the symbol with a particular product or viewpoint might be taken erroneously as evidence of governmental endorsement. Alternatively, it might be argued that the interest asserted by the state court is based on the uniquely universal character of the national flag as a symbol.For the great majority of us, the flag is a symbol of patriotism, of pride in the history of our country, and of the service, sacrifice, and valor of the millions of Americans who in peace and war have joined together to build and to defend a Nation in which self-government and personal liberty endure. It evidences both the unity and diversity which are America. For others, the flag carries in varying degrees a different message. â€Å"A person gets from a symbol the meaning he puts into it, and what is one manâ⠂¬â„¢s comfort and inspiration is another’s jest and scorn.† None of this mattered, though. Even accepting a state interest here, the law was still unconstitutional because Spence was using the flag to express ideas which viewers would be able to understand. Given the protected character of his expression and in light of the fact that no interest the State may have in preserving the physical integrity of a privately owned flag was significantly impaired on these facts, the conviction must be invalidated. There was no risk that people would think the government was endorsing Spence’s message and the flag carries so many different meanings to people that the state cannot proscribe the use of the flag to express certain political views. Spence v. Washington: Significance This decision avoided dealing with whether people have a right to display flags they have permanently altered to make a statement. Spence’s alteration was deliberately temporary, and the justices appear to have thought this relevant. However, at least a free speech right to at least temporarily â€Å"deface† the American flag was established. The Supreme Court’s decision in Spence v. Washington was not unanimous. Three justices — Burger, Rehnquist, and White — disagreed with the majority’s conclusion that individuals have a free speech right to alter, even temporarily, an American flag in order to communicate some message. They agreed that Spence was indeed engaged in communicating a message, but they disagreed that Spence should be allowed to alter the flag to do so. Writing a dissent joined by Justice White, Justice Rehnquist stated: The true nature of the State’s interest in this case is not only one of preserving â€Å"the physical integrity of the flag,† but also one of preserving the flag as â€Å"an important symbol of nationhood and unity.† ... It is the character, not the cloth, of the flag which the State seeks to protect. [...]The fact that the State has a valid interest in preserving the character of the flag does not mean, of course, that it can employ all conceivable means to enforce it. It certainly could not require all citizens to own the flag or compel citizens to salute one. ... It presumably cannot punish criticism of the flag, or the principles for which it stands, any more than it could punish criticism of this country’s policies or ideas. But the statute in this case demands no such allegiance.Its operation does not depend upon whether the flag is used for communicative or noncommunicative purposes; upon whether a particular message is deemed commercial or politica l; upon whether the use of the flag is respectful or contemptuous; or upon whether any particular segment of the State’s citizenry might applaud or oppose the intended message. It simply withdraws a unique national symbol from the roster of materials that may be used as a background for communications. [emphasis added] It should be noted that Rehnquist and Burger dissented from the Court’s decision in Smith v. Goguen for substantially the same reasons. In that case, a teenager was convicted for wearing a small American flag on the seat of his pants. Although White voted with the majority, in that case, he attached a concurring opinion where he stated that he would not â€Å"find it beyond congressional power, or that of state legislatures, to forbid attaching to or putting on the flag any words, symbols, or advertisements.† Just two months after the Smith case was argued, this one appeared before the court — though that case was decided first. As was true with the Smith v. Goguen case, the dissent here simply misses the point. Even if we accept Rehnquist’s assertion that the state has an interest in preserving the flag as â€Å"an important symbol of nationhood and unity,† this does not automatically entail that the state the authority to fulfill this interest by prohibiting people from treating a privately own flag as they see fit or by criminalizing certain uses of the flag to communicate political messages. There is a missing step here — or more likely several missing steps — which Rehnquist, White, Burger and other supporters of bans on flag â€Å"desecration† never manage to include in their arguments. It’s likely that Rehnquist recognized this. He acknowledges, after all, that there are limits to what the state may do in pursuit of this interest and cites several examples of extreme government behavior which would cross the line for him. But where, exactly, is that line and why does he draw it in the place he does? Upon what basis does he allow some things but not others? Rehnquist never says and, for this reason, the effectiveness of his dissent completely fails. One more important thing should be noted about Rehnquist’s dissent: he makes it explicit that criminalizing the certain uses of the flag to communicate messages must apply to respectful as well as contemptuous messages. Thus, the words â€Å"America is Great† would be just as prohibited as the words â€Å"America Sucks.† Rehnquist is at least consistent here, and that’s good — but how many supporters of bans on flag desecration would accept this particular consequence of their position? Rehnquist’s dissent suggests very strongly that if the government has the authority to criminalize burning an American flag, it can criminalize waving an American flag as well.